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Local plan implementation: assessing conformance and influence of local plans in the United States

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  • Ward Lyles
  • Philip Berke
  • Gavin Smith

Abstract

Attention to if and how plans are implemented is increasing. Among the conceptions of plan implementation used by scholars, plan conformance and plan performance are most prominent, though rarely have both been assessed in a single study. We assess plan conformance and a modified version of performance, which we call influence, for a sample of more than 100 local hazard mitigation plans developed in response to a national planning requirement in the United States. Our findings indicate that progress on implementation of the policies included in the plans (plan conformance) is moderate, but that the rate of progress varies widely by the type of policy and the state in which the local jurisdiction is located. The findings also indicate that coordination of hazard mitigation plans (plan influence) is strongest with other emergency management agency-led planning initiatives and weaker with planning initiatives led by other agencies. National officials interested in advancing local implementation of national goals need to consider the degree to which state and local governments are given autonomy to select and prioritize local policies included in plans, as well as constraints on coordination across planning initiatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Ward Lyles & Philip Berke & Gavin Smith, 2016. "Local plan implementation: assessing conformance and influence of local plans in the United States," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 43(2), pages 381-400, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirb:v:43:y:2016:i:2:p:381-400
    DOI: 10.1177/0265813515604071
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lucie Laurian & Maxine Day & Michael Backhurst & Philip Berke & Neil Ericksen & Jan Crawford & Jenny Dixon & Sarah Chapman, 2004. "What drives plan implementation? Plans, planning agencies and developers," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(4), pages 555-577.
    2. Lindsey Ward Lyles & Philip Berke & Gavin Smith, 2014. "Do planners matter? Examining factors driving incorporation of land use approaches into hazard mitigation plans," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(5), pages 792-811, May.
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    4. Carolyn Loh, 2011. "Assessing and Interpreting Non-conformance in Land-use Planning Implementation," Planning Practice & Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(3), pages 271-287.
    5. Willem K Korthals Altes, 2006. "Stagnation in Housing Production: Another Success in the Dutch ‘Planner's Paradise’?," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 33(1), pages 97-114, February.
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