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‘Neighbourhood effects’ on children's educational achievement in Chile: The effects of inequality and polarization

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  • Gabriel Otero
  • Rafael Carranza
  • Dante Contreras

Abstract

This article studies the effects of the neighborhood in which a school is located on children's mathematics achievement in Chile. It uses data taken from a sample of 127,020 sixth grade students measured by the National Education Quality Measurement System [Sistema Nacional de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación]. The incorporation of a measurement of socio-economic polarization of the geographic environment, which is innovative in urban studies, allows us to qualify some critical aspects suggested in the academic discussion. A lagged dependent variable model is used, controlling for the score obtained by the same students in fourth grade. Using multilevel linear regressions, the results show positive effects related to participation in neighborhood organizations. One critical finding is that socio-economic polarization has a negative and significant impact on the educational achievement of sixth graders. The conclusions highlight the repercussions associated with acute inequalities in the neighborhoods, and speak to the importance of accessing dimensions which are more closely linked to cities' social structure.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriel Otero & Rafael Carranza & Dante Contreras, 2017. "‘Neighbourhood effects’ on children's educational achievement in Chile: The effects of inequality and polarization," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 49(11), pages 2595-2618, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:49:y:2017:i:11:p:2595-2618
    DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17731780
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    9. Jaap Nieuwenhuis & Pieter Hooimeijer & Maarten van Ham & Wim Meeus, 2017. "Neighbourhood immigrant concentration effects on migrant and native youth’s educational commitments, an enquiry into personality differences," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(10), pages 2285-2304, August.
    10. Jaap Nieuwenhuis & Pieter Hooimeijer & Saskia van Dorsselaer & Wilma Vollebergh, 2013. "Neighbourhood Effects on School Achievement: The Mediating Effect of Parenting and Problematic Behaviour?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 45(9), pages 2135-2153, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rafael Carranza & Gabriel Otero & Dante Contreras, 2020. "Spatial divisions of poverty and wealth: How much does segregation matter for educational achievement?," Working Papers 543, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    2. Marta Guijarro-Garvi & Belén Miranda-Escolar & Yira Tatiana Cedeño-Menéndez & Pedro Benito Moyano-Pesquera, 2024. "Does geographical location impact educational disparities among Ecuadorians? A novel two-stage inequality decomposition method," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. María Luisa Méndez & Gabriel Otero & Felipe Link & Ernesto López Morales & Modesto Gayo, 2021. "Neighbourhood cohesion as a form of privilege," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(8), pages 1691-1711, June.

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