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Helping Entrepreneurs Help Themselves: A Review and Relational Research Agenda on Entrepreneurial Support Organizations

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  • Brian J. Bergman
  • Jeffery S. McMullen

Abstract

Entrepreneurial support organizations (ESOs), such as incubators and accelerators, are now ubiquitous. Despite this proliferation, their impact on entrepreneurs, ventures, and communities remains unclear, while academic research remains disjointed and largely descriptive, limiting understanding of the entrepreneurial support process and the influence of ESOs on it. Conducting a systematic review of 337 peer-reviewed articles involving five ESO forms—incubators, science parks, accelerators, maker spaces, and co-working spaces—we find that the literature’s conception of support is under-socialized such that there is a need for longitudinal, processual, and experimental examination of changes in the rich relationships between entrepreneurs and their ventures, entrepreneurs and other entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs and ESOs, and ESOs and external stakeholders. Conceiving of support as help to become self-sufficient, we offer an alternative, relational approach to research on entrepreneurial support and those organizations seeking to provide it.

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  • Brian J. Bergman & Jeffery S. McMullen, 2022. "Helping Entrepreneurs Help Themselves: A Review and Relational Research Agenda on Entrepreneurial Support Organizations," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 46(3), pages 688-728, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:entthe:v:46:y:2022:i:3:p:688-728
    DOI: 10.1177/10422587211028736
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    2. Ari Hyytinen & Petri Rouvinen & Mika Pajarinen & Joosua Virtanen, 2023. "Ex Ante Predictability of Rapid Growth: A Design Science Approach," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(6), pages 2465-2493, November.
    3. Bibeau, Jean & Meilleur, Roxane & St-Jean, Étienne, 2024. "To formalize, or not to formalize, business incubators’ networks: That is not the question," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    4. Manning, Stephan & Vavilov, Stanislav, 2023. "Global development agenda meets local opportunities: The rise of development-focused entrepreneurship support," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(7).
    5. Becker, Kai & Ebbers, Joris J. & Engel, Yuval, 2023. "Network to passion or passion to network? Disentangling entrepreneurial passion selection and contagion effects among peers and teams in a startup accelerator," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 38(4).
    6. Henry, Colette & Lahikainen, Katja, 2024. "Exploring Intrapreneurial Activities in the Context of the Entrepreneurial University: An analysis of five EU HEIs," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    7. David Leong, 2023. "Action in Complexity: Entanglement and Emergent Order in Entrepreneurship," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 32(1), pages 182-217, March.
    8. Phumlani Nkontwana & Erik Stam, 2023. "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems for the Africa we want," Working Papers 2305, Utrecht School of Economics.
    9. Greg Fisher, 2024. "Resourcefulness Enactment: The Sensemaking Process Underpinning Resourceful Actions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 48(4), pages 911-940, July.
    10. Farzana Chowdhury & David B. Audretsch, 2024. "Paradoxes of accelerator programs and new venture performance: Do varieties of experiences make a difference?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 381-409, January.
    11. Shekhar, Himanshu & Satyanarayana, Krishna & Chandrashekar, Deepak, 2023. "Role and contributions of an incubator in academic intrapreneurship – An examination," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
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    13. James J. Chrisman & Donald O. Neubaum & Friederike Welter & Karl Wennberg, 2022. "Knowledge Accumulation in Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 46(3), pages 479-496, May.

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