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Une analyse économique des "signes de qualité". Labels et certification des produits

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  • Laurent Linnemer
  • Anne Perrot

Abstract

[eng] An economic analysis of quality signals: labels and product quality certification. . This paper studies quality signalling strategies of a monopolist who offers a good of unknown quality. Four institutional environments are examined: no signal is available, only certification is available, only label is available and both certification and label are possible. For each possible values of certification and label costs, we characterize the equilibria of the signalling game. A coordination problem arises when the label exists, which could interfere with competition policy. A great number of equilibrium configurations may appear, which can be linked to a criticism that is often opposed to label and certification policies: that they may spread confusion in consumers' perception. [fre] Cet article examine les stratégies de révélation de la qualité par un monopole offrant un bien de qualité inconnue. Nous examinons quatre environnements institutionnels : aucun signe de qualité n'est accessible, seule la certification est possible, seule l'adhésion à un label existe et enfin certification et label coexistent. Nous déterminons les équilibres dans chacun de ces environnements pour chaque configuration des coûts de label et de certification ainsi que du seuil de label. Le label soulève un problème de coordination entre les types possibles du monopole. De nombreuses configurations d'équilibre sont possibles, ce qui fait écho à la critique souvent adressée aux politiques de signes de qualité d'entretenir une certaine confusion dans l'esprit des consommateurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurent Linnemer & Anne Perrot, 2000. "Une analyse économique des "signes de qualité". Labels et certification des produits," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 51(6), pages 1397-1418.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_2000_num_51_6_410591
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.2000.410591
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.2000.410591
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Crampes, Claude & Hollander, Abraham, 1995. "Duopoly and quality standards," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 71-82, January.
    2. Bourgeon, J.M. & Coestier, B., 1996. "Private Versus Public Product Labeling," Papers 9619, Paris X - Nanterre, U.F.R. de Sc. Ec. Gest. Maths Infor..
    3. William P. Rogerson, 1983. "Reputation and Product Quality," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 14(2), pages 508-516, Autumn.
    4. Asher Wolinsky, 1983. "Prices as Signals of Product Quality," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 50(4), pages 647-658.
    5. Carl Shapiro, 1983. "Premiums for High Quality Products as Returns to Reputations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 98(4), pages 659-679.
    6. George A. Akerlof, 1970. "The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 84(3), pages 488-500.
    7. Mason, Charles F & Sterbenz, Frederic P, 1994. "Imperfect Product Testing and Market Size," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 35(1), pages 61-86, February.
    8. Franklin Allen, 1984. "Reputation and Product Quality," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 15(3), pages 311-327, Autumn.
    9. Rogerson, William P, 1987. "The Dissipation of Profits by Brand Name Investment and Entry when Price Guarantees Quality," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 95(4), pages 797-809, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Anne Perrot & Laurent Linnemer, 2007. "Conflits liés à la certification dans une relation commerciale," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 178(2), pages 15-24.
    2. Eric Giraud-Héraud & Claire Chambolle, 2003. "Certification de la qualité par une AOC : un modèle d’analyse," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 159(3), pages 83-91.
    3. Julia Cage & Dorothée Rouzet, 2015. "Improving “National Brands”: Reputation for Quality and Export Promotion Strategies," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01167909, HAL.
    4. R. Bentley & Michael O’Brien & Paul Ormerod, 2011. "Quality versus mere popularity: a conceptual map for understanding human behavior," Mind & Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer;Fondazione Rosselli, vol. 10(2), pages 181-191, December.
    5. Cagé, Julia & Rouzet, Dorothée, 2015. "Improving “national brands”: Reputation for quality and export promotion strategies," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(2), pages 274-290.
    6. Lisette Ibanez & Gilles Grolleau, 2008. "Can Ecolabeling Schemes Preserve the Environment?," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 40(2), pages 233-249, June.
    7. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/2si2or72bc8ed899298h75877i is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Alessandro Stanziani, 2004. "Wine Reputation and Quality Controls: The Origin of the AOCs in 19th Century France," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 149-167, September.
    9. Chanteau, Jean-Pierre, 2011. "L’économie de la responsabilité sociétale d’entreprise (RSE) :éléments de méthode institutionnaliste," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 9.
    10. Julia Cage & Dorothée Rouzet, 2015. "Improving “National Brands”: Reputation for Quality and Export Promotion Strategies," SciencePo Working papers hal-01167909, HAL.
    11. Olivier Bonroy & Christos Constantatos, 2004. "Biens de confiance et concurrence en prix. Quand aucun producteur ne souhaite l'introduction d'un label," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 55(3), pages 527-532.
    12. Claude Ménard, 2003. "Économie néo-institutionnelle et politique de la concurrence les cas des formes organisationnelles hybrides," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 277(1), pages 45-60.
    13. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2si2or72bc8ed899298h75877i is not listed on IDEAS

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