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La macro-économie des services : concepts et mesure

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  • P. Teillet

Abstract

[eng] Macroeconomics of services : concepts and measure - The development of services is a fact on which stress is generally laid. However their definition in economic theory is nothing but obvious : being ignored by the « material » conception of production, they can be in other cases so extensively defined as to include most of home production. The national accounts refer to « socially organised activities » including free services provided by government. Nowadays, the main questions being raised in the field of services relate to the « externalization » of service function by the manufacturing industry and to the existence and the measure of an accumulation of service expenditures in the shape of immaterial investments. In pratice there is no universally accepted definition of the sphere of services. . The overall statistics on services are younger than a quarter of a century. Their recent developments, mainly through the Annual Census of Companies, show as well the diversity of the service industries as their capacity to be covered by methods adapted from (agricultural or, better, industrial) goods. The resulting data are all the same diverse : home servants are three times less numerous than they used to be one century ago ; people employed in health services are twenty times as many as they were. In consequence, more than profitability of entreprises, productivity of labour, that has increased quite slowly until now, is going to be the major parameter guiding the medium and long term evolution of services. [fre] Le développement des services est un fait souligné de manière générale. Pourtant leur définition, en théorie économique, n'est pas évidente : ignorés par la conception « matérielle » de la production, ils sont au contraire définis ailleurs de manière très extensive jusqu'à inclure une grande partie de la production domestique. Les comptes nationaux, se réfèrent aux « activités socialement organisées », incluant les services fournis gratuitement ou presque par les administrations. Les questions essentielles, en discussion à l'heure actuelle, sont relatives à l'externali- sation par l'industrie de certaines fonctions de type « service » à l'existence et à la mesure d'une accumulation de dépenses en services ayant la nature d'investissements immatériels. En pratique, il n'y a pas de définition généralement reconnue du champ des services. . Les statistiques d'ensemble sur les services ont à peine un quart de siècle. Les développements récents, en particulier l'Enquête Annuelle d'Entreprise, montrent à la fois que les activités concernées sont très diverses et que les méthodes appliquées aux biens (agriculture et surtout industrie) peuvent leur être étendues. Les données qui en résultent montrent également la diversité du domaine : le personnel domestique employé est trois fois moins nombreux qu'il y a un siècle ; les emplois dans la santé ont été multipliés par vingt. Aussi, au-delà de la rentabilité des entreprises productrices, l'évolution de la productivité du travail, relativement lente jusqu'ici, est le paramètre majeur qui gouvernera l'évolution des services à moyen et long terme.

Suggested Citation

  • P. Teillet, 1987. "La macro-économie des services : concepts et mesure," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 177(1), pages 5-9.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1987_num_177_1_3794
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1987.3794
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1987.3794
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. André Vanoli, 1983. "Les tracés divers de la notion de production," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 158(1), pages 61-73.
    2. Ann Chadeau & Annie Fouquet & Claude Thélot, 1981. "Peut-on mesurer le travail domestique ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 136(1), pages 29-42.
    3. Michel Braibant, 1982. "Le tertiaire insaisissable ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 146(1), pages 3-17.
    4. Pierre Muller, 1984. "La dégradation des comptes des entreprises industrielles depuis le premier choc pétrolier," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 165(1), pages 3-21.
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