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Discrimination à l'embauche selon l'origine et le genre : défiance indifférenciée ou ciblée sur certains groupes ?

Author

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  • Anthony Edo
  • Nicolas Jacquemet

Abstract

[fre] L’existence d’une discrimination raciale à l’embauche sur le marché du travail est désormais largement documentée dans la plupart des économies occidentales. Si ce phénomène . est confirmé par différentes études pour le marché du travail français, les causes . et les sources en restent largement inconnues. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude destinée à évaluer empiriquement les principales sources de discrimination à l’embauche en Île‑de‑France. Cette évaluation repose sur un envoi contrôlé de candidatures . en réponse à des offres d’emploi postées sur des sites publics d’information. . . L’étude montre que la discrimination à l’embauche à l’encontre des candidats issus de l’immigration est de l’ordre de 40 % en moyenne. Cette inégalité de traitement entre . candidats affecte toutes les candidatures d’origine étrangère, indépendamment de l’origine du candidat, ce qui va à l’encontre de l’hypothèse d’une défiance ciblée à l’encontre de vagues particulières d’immigration. Sur la base de ces résultats, il semble donc que . la question de la discrimination se pose bien plus en termes d’opposition entre le groupe . majoritaire, «autochtone » , et l’ensemble des individus issus de l’immigration, qu’en termes de difficultés spécifiques propres à certains groupes. En ce sens, les résultats confirment l’existence d’une «homéophilie » ethnique sous‑jacente à la discrimination – c’est à dire d’une défiance indifférenciée de la part des employeurs à l’égard de tout candidat n’appartenant pas au groupe ethnique majoritaire. Ensuite, nos résultats indiquent que les candidatures féminines sont favorisées par rapport à leurs équivalents masculins et relativement moins affectées par la discrimination d’origine. Enfin, l’inclusion . d’un signal explicite d’aisance linguistique sur la moitié des envois élimine toute . discrimination liée à l’origine pour les candidatures féminines. L’effet d’un tel signal est en revanche plus faible sur la discrimination opérant entre candidatures masculines.

Suggested Citation

  • Anthony Edo & Nicolas Jacquemet, 2013. "Discrimination à l'embauche selon l'origine et le genre : défiance indifférenciée ou ciblée sur certains groupes ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 464(1), pages 155-172.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2013_num_464_1_10235
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2013.10235
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2013.10235
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    2. Matthieu Manant & Serge Pajak & Nicolas Soulié, 2019. "Can social media lead to labor market discrimination? Evidence from a field experiment," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 225-246, April.
    3. Loïc du Parquet & Pascale Petit, 2019. "Discrimination à l’embauche : Ce que nous apprennent deux décennies de testings en France," TEPP Research Report 2019-01, TEPP.
    4. Berson, Clémence & Laouénan, Morgane & Valat, Emmanuel, 2020. "Outsourcing recruitment as a solution to prevent discrimination: A correspondence study," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Laetitia Challe & Yannick L'Horty & Pascale Petit & François-Charles Wolff, 2018. "Les discriminations dans l'accès à l'emploi privé et public : les effets de l'origine, de l'adresse, du sexe et de l'orientation sexuelle," Working Papers halshs-01878469, HAL.
    6. Louise Philomene Mbaye, 2018. "Handicap et discriminations dans l'accès à l'emploi : un testing dans les établissements culturels," Working Papers halshs-01878461, HAL.
    7. Nicolas Jacquemet, 2013. "2. Discriminations à l'embauche : quelle ampleur, quelles solutions ?," Regards croisés sur l'économie, La Découverte, vol. 0(1), pages 49-63.
    8. Pascale Petit & Mathieu Bunel & Yannick L’Horty, 2020. "Les discriminations à l’embauche dans la sphère publique : effets respectifs de l’adresse et de l’origine," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 71(1), pages 31-56.
    9. Louise Philomène Mbaye, 2018. "Handicap et discriminations dans l’accès à l’emploi : un testing dans les établissements culturels," TEPP Research Report 2018-04, TEPP.
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