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Le secteur de premier emploi oriente-t-il le début de parcours professionnel ?

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  • Michèle Mansuy
  • Claude Minni

Abstract

[spa] ¿ Orienta el sector del primer empleo el inicio de la trayectoria profesional? . . Al contratarlos, las empresas no les hace el mismo sitio a los principiantes, tampoco les ofrecen las mismas oportunidades de evolución. Junto con unos determinantes individuales, la empresa desempeña un papel en la construcción de las trayectorias de los principiantes. Basándose en unos datos longitudinales, este análisis muestra que la probabilidad de estabilización en la empresa de primer empleo, a los tres años de acabar los estudios, depende mucho del sector de actividad inicial, incluso para los que ocupan ciertas funciones transversales. Con un mismo nivel de diploma, sexo y tamaño de empresa, la estabilización en el primer empleador es más frecuente en los sectores de construcción aeronáutica, naval y ferroviaria, energía, transporte aéreo, finanza, bienes inmuebles, sanidad, correos y telecomunicaciones, reparación automóvil y servicios de asesoramiento y asistencia. Para aquellos que son móviles, el sector de contratación inicial sigue teniendo una influencia, pero moderada, sobre la probabilidad de estar en paro tres años más tarde. Un efecto protector del paro específico se da tan sólo en dos sectores: sanidad y educación. Estos resultados pueden interpretarse por la inclusión o no en mercados internos, y también en unos mercados profesionales. [ger] Entscheidet die Erstbeschäftigung über die berufliche Laufbahn? . . Wenn die Unternehmen einstellen, räumen sie den Berufsanfängern, denen nicht alle die gleichen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten bieten, einen unterschiedlichen Platz ein. Neben den individuellen Determinanten beeinflusst mithin auch das Unternehmen den Werdegang der Berufsanfänger. Anhand von Longitudinaldaten zeigt diese Analyse, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Stabilisierung im Unternehmen der Erstbeschäftigung drei Jahre nach Ausbildungsabschluss wesentlich vom Sektor der Erstbeschäftigung abhängt, auch bei denjenigen, die mit bestimmten Querschnittsfunktionen beauftragt sind. Bei gleichem Diplom, gleichem Geschlecht und gleicher Unternehmensgröße ist die Stabilisierung beim ersten Arbeitgeber häufiger im Flugzeug-, Schiff-und Eisenbahnbau, in der Energiewirtschaft, im Luftverkehr, Finanzwesen, Immobiliensektor, Gesundheitswesen, in der Post und Telekommunikation, Kfz-Reparatur sowie in den Beratungs-und Unterstützungsdiensten. Bei denjenigen, die mobil sind, hat der Sektor der Ersteinstellung auch weiterhin einen Einfluss auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit, drei Jahre später arbeitslos zu sein, allerdings in geringerem Maße. Einen besonderen Schutz vor der Arbeitslosigkeit bieten nur zwei Sektoren: das Gesundheitswesen und der Bildungsbereich. Interpretiert werden können diese Ergebnisse bei Einbeziehung oder Nichteinbeziehung in interne Märkte, aber auch in fachspezifische Märkte. [eng] Does the sector of first employment influence the start of the career path? . . Recruiting businesses do not all give the same place to new entrants, to whom they do not all give the same career opportunities. So alongside individual determinants, the firm plays a role in building new entrants’career paths. This analysis uses longitudinal data to show that the probability of having a stable job in the business of first employment three years after the end of studies depends significantly on the initial business sector, even as regards those in certain crossfunctional jobs. Given the same level of qualifications, gender and business size, stabilisation with the first employer is more frequent in the aeronautic, shipbuilding and rail engineering, energy, air transport, finance, real estate, health, post and telecommunications, motor vehicle repairs and consultancy-assistance services sectors. For those who are mobile, the sector of initial employment maintains an influence, albeit moderate, on the probability of being unemployed three years later. A specific shelter-from-unemployment effect appears in just two sectors: health and education. These findings can be interpreted from the point of view of inclusion or not in internal markets and also in professional markets. [fre] Le secteur de premier emploi oriente-t-il le début de parcours professionnel? . . Lorsqu’elles embauchent, les entreprises ne font pas toutes la même place aux débutants, auxquels elles n’offrent pas toutes les mêmes opportunités d’évolution. Ainsi, à côté des déterminants individuels, l’entreprise joue un rôle dans la construction des trajectoires de débutants. S’appuyant sur des données longitudinales, cette analyse montre que la probabilité de stabilisation dans l’entreprise de premier emploi, trois ans après la fin des études, dépend significativement du secteur d’activité initial et ce, même pour ceux qui occupent certaines fonctions transversales. À même niveau de diplôme, sexe et taille d’entreprise, la stabilisation chez le premier employeur est plus fréquente dans les secteurs de la construction aéronautique, navale et ferroviaire, l’énergie, le transport aérien, la finance, l’immobilier, la santé, les postes et télécommunications, la réparation automobile et les services de conseil-assistance. Pour ceux qui sont mobiles, le secteur d’embauche initial garde une influence, mais modérée, sur la probabilité d’être au chômage trois ans après. Un effet protecteur du chômage spécifique n’apparaît que dans deux secteurs: la santé et l’éducation. Ces résultats peuvent s’interpréter par l’inclusion ou non à des marchés internes, mais aussi à des marchés professionnels.

Suggested Citation

  • Michèle Mansuy & Claude Minni, 2004. "Le secteur de premier emploi oriente-t-il le début de parcours professionnel ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 378(1), pages 129-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2004_num_378_1_7228
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2004.7228
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2004.7228
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    1. Nicolas Prokovas, 2021. "Chômage et parcours professionnels : quelles relations ? Une analyse à partir de l'enquête Formation et Qualification Professionnelle," Post-Print hal-03783169, HAL.
    2. Jérôme Gautié & Marc Gurgand, 2005. "Retour sur la relation formation-emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 388(1), pages 3-13.
    3. Goldstone, Jack A. (Голдстоун, Джек) & Korotaev, Andrey (Коротаев, Андрей) & Zinkina, Yulia (Зинькина, Юлия), 2015. "Political Demography of the World Economy: Tropical Africa [Политическая Демография Мировой Экономики: Страны Тропической Африки]," Published Papers mn45, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.

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