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Concentration géographique des activités et spécialisation des départements français

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  • Michel Houdebine

Abstract

[eng] Geographic Concentration of Activities and Specialisation in the French Départements: From 1 978 to 1 992, the average geographic concentration of activities measured at département level lessened in France. This can be explained mainly by the replacement of traditional industries with service activities, the disappearance of the corresponding and initially highly concentrated jobs, and a more uniform distribution of new firms throughout the French territory. The French départements are consequently less and less specialised. However, more heterogeneous developments are found at more detailed aggregation levels. Average geographic concentration by employment zones intensified from 1 984 to 1992, and large employment zones and local administrative areas specialised. Hence the breakdown by département is not the most suitable for analysing the geographic concentration of activities and local specialisation. [fre] Concentration géographique des activités Entre 1978 et 1992, la concentration géographique, moyenne des activités, mesurée à un niveau départemental,* a diminué en France. Cette évolution s'explique principalement par le remplacement d'industries traditionnelles par des activités tertiaires. La disparition des emplois correspondants, initialement très concentrés, et une; répartition plus uniforme sur le territoire des nouveaux établissements seraient notamment à l'origine de cette baisse. En conséquence, les départements français sont de moins en moins spécialisés. et spécialisation des départements français: En revanche, à des niveaux d'agrégation plus fins, les évolutions sont plus hétérogènes. La concentration géographique moyenne par zones d'emploi progresse entre 1984 et 1 992, et les communes et zones d'emploi de grande taille se spécialisent. Le découpage départemental ne s'avère donc pas le plus adapté pour analyser la concentration géographique des activités et la spécialisation locale. [spa] Concentraciôn geogrâficas de las actividades y especializaciôn de los departamentos franceses Entre 1978 y 1992, la concentraciôn geogrâfica media de las actividades, medida al nivel de los departamentos, disminuyô en Francia: Esta evoluciôn se explica en lo: esencial por el reemplazo de las industrias tradicionales por unas actividades terciarias. La disminuciôn se deberia a la desapariciôn de los empleos correspondientes, . inicialmente muy concentrados, y a un reparto mâs uniforme por.el territorio nacional de los nuevos establecimientos. De ahî que los departamentos sean. cada vez menos especializados. En cambio, a nivelés de agregaciôn mâs finos, las evoluciones son mâs heterogéneas. La concentraciôn geogrâfica media por zonas de empleo aumenta entre 1 984 y 1 992, y los municipios y zonas de empleo de gran tamaiïo se especializan. El recorte departamental ya no es de lo mâs adaptado para analizar la concentraciôn geogrâfica de las actividades y la especializaciôn local. [ger] Geographische Konzentration der Wirtschaftstatigkeiten und Spezialisierung der, franzôsischen Départements Zwischen 1978 und 1992 hat in Frankreich die durchschnittliche geographische Konzentration der Wirtschaftstatigkeiten auf Departementsebene: abgenommen. Diese Entwicklung lâBt sich hauptsachlich dadurch erklâren, daB traditionelle Industriezweige durch . tertiâre Tâtigkeiten ersetzt wurden. Zurùckzufûhren ware dieser Rûckgang insbesondere auf den Wegfall entsprechender Arbeitsplâtze, bei denen ursprunglich eine sehr hohe Konzentration vorherrschte, und auf eine einheitlichere Verteilung neuer Betriebe innerhalb des~ Landes. Folglich sind die franzôsischen Départements immer weniger spezialisiert. Auf den untersten Aggregationsebenen sind die1 Entwicklungendagegenheterogener.Die durchschnittliche geographische Konzentration pro- Beschàftigungszone nahm zwischen 1984 und 1992 zu, und die groBen Kommunen und Beschaftigungszonen; spezialisierten sich: Dies verdeutlicht, daB sich eine Aufteilung entsprechend den Départements nicht sehr gut fur eine Analyse der geographischen Konzentration der Wirtschaftstatigkeiten und der lokalen Spezialisierung eignet.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Houdebine, 1999. "Concentration géographique des activités et spécialisation des départements français," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 326(1), pages 189-204.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1999_num_326_1_6233
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1999.6233
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1999.6233
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    1. Frédéric Gilli, 2005. "La région parisienne entre 1975 et 1999 : une mutation géographique et économique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 387(1), pages 3-33.
    2. Hugues JENNEQUIN & Isabelle RABAUD, 2006. "Location of services industries in MENA countries, in EU and NMS: a comparative analysis?," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 1161, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    3. Alain GAUGRIS & El Mouhoub MOUHOUD, 2013. "International Specialization In Services: Insights From A New Theoretical Taxonomy," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 37, pages 197-230.
    4. Sylvie Le Minez, 2002. "Topographie des secteurs d'activité à partir des flux de mobilité intersectorielle des salariés," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 354(1), pages 49-83.

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