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Inégalité, spécialisation, progrès technique et développement de services non qualifiés locaux

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  • Didier Blanchet

Abstract

[fre] Cet article propose une comparaison élémentaire des effets de l'échange international et du progrès technique sur les inégalités de salaires entre qualifiés et non qualifiés et sur le développement d'un secteur d'emplois de services "de proximité" qui auraient pour triple caractéristique de n'utiliser que du travail non qualifié, d'être à productivité stagnante et d'être non délocalisables, et donc abrités de la concurrence internationale. Les effets obtenus en présence de progrès technique apparaissent ambigus et complexes et mériter un examen plus approfondi. La concurrence des non qualifiés des pays à bas salaires, en revanche, pousse systématiquement au développement des services non qualifiés locaux, mais sans que ceci suffise à éviter tout creusement de l'éventail des salaires, qui ne peut être éliminé que par l'accroissement des qualifications. [spa] Desigualdad, especializacion, progreso técnico y desarrollo de servicios no cualificados locales por Didier Blanchet . Este articulo propone una comparacion elemental de los efectos del intercambio internacional y del progreso técnico en las desigualdades de salarios entre cualificados y no cualificados y en el desarrollo de un sector de empleos de servicios "de proximidad" que tendrian como triple caracterfstica no utilizar mas que trabajo no cualificado, ser de productividad estancada, y no poder ser cambiados de sitio, y por lo tanto estar protegidos de la competencia internacional. Los efectos obtenidos al haber progreso técnico parecen ambiguos y complejos y merecen un examen mas detallado. La competencia de los no cualificados de los paises con bajos salarios, por el contrario, incita sistemâticamente al desarrollo de los servicios no cualificados locales, pero sin que ello sea suficiente para evitar toda depresiôn del abanico de salarios, que no puede ser eliminada mas que por el incremento de las cualificaciones. [ger] Ungleichheit, Spezialisierung, technischer Fortschritt und Zunahme der unqualifizierten lokalen Dienste von Didier Blanchet . In diesem Artikel wird ein grundlegender Vergleich der Aus wirkungen des internationalen Handels und des technischen Foitschritts auf die Lohnungleicheiten zwischen qualifizierten und unqualifizierten Arbeitskràften sowie auf die Entwicklung eines Beschâftigungssektors der lokalen Dienstleistungen" vorgeschlagen, die sich durch drei Merkmale auszeichnen wiirden: Inanspruchnahme von lediglich unqualifizierter Arbeit, Stagnation ihrer Produktivitat und Nichtverlagerbarkeit, weshalb sie vor dem internationalen Wettbewerb geschützt sind. Die vor dem Hintergrund des technischen Foitschritts beobachteten Effekte scheinen mehrdeutig und komplex zu sein und eine eingehendere Priifung erforderlich zu machen. Dagegen führt die Konkurrenz der unqualifizierten Arbeitskrafte aus den Niedriglohnländern systematisch zu einer starkeren Zunahme der unqualifizierten lokalen Dienste, ohne daB dies allerdings ausreicht, um jegliche Ausweitung der Lohnspanne zu vermeiden, das nur durch die Zunahme der Qualifikationen beseitigt werden kann. [eng] Inequality, Specialization, Technical Change and the Development of Unskilled Local Services . by Didier Blanchet . This paper presents an basic comparison of the effects of international trade and technical change on wage inequalities between skilled and unskilled workers and on the development of a local-service sector displaying three characteristics: the use of unskilled labour only, stagnant productivity, and non-relocatable production protecting these jobs from international competition. The effects observed when technical change is present are ambiguous and complex and merit more in-depth study. Competition from unskilled workers from less developed countries, on the other hand, systematically leads to an increase in the number of local unskilled jobs. Yet this increase does not prevent a widening gap between skilled and unskilled wages. Such a gap can only be eliminated by an increase in the number of skilled workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Didier Blanchet, 1995. "Inégalité, spécialisation, progrès technique et développement de services non qualifiés locaux," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 120(4), pages 1-13.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1995_num_120_4_5740
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1995.5740
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1995.5740
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    References listed on IDEAS

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