IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0223856.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Caesarean section delivery and childhood obesity in a British longitudinal cohort study

Author

Listed:
  • Gwinyai Masukume
  • Ali S Khashan
  • Susan M B Morton
  • Philip N Baker
  • Louise C Kenny
  • Fergus P McCarthy

Abstract

Background: Several studies reported an association between Caesarean section (CS) birth and childhood obesity. However, there are several limitations in the current literature. These include an inability to distinguish between planned and emergency CS, small study sample sizes and not adjusting for pre-pregnancy body-mass-index (BMI). We examined the association between CS delivery and childhood obesity using the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Methods: Mother-infant pairs were recruited into the MCS. Use of sampling weights ensured the sample was representative of the population. The exposure was categorised as normal vaginal delivery (VD) [reference], assisted VD, planned CS and emergency CS. Childhood obesity prevalence, at age three, five, seven, eleven and fourteen years was calculated using the International Obesity Taskforce criteria. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted with associations adjusted for several potential confounders like maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, education and infant macrosomia. Linear regression models were fitted evaluating body fat percentage (BF%), at age seven and fourteen years. Results: Of the 18,116 infants, 3872 (21.4%) were delivered by CS; 9.2% by planned CS. Obesity prevalence was 5.4%, 5.7%, 6.5%, 7.1% and 7.6% at age three, five, seven, eleven and fourteen years respectively. The mixed-effects linear regression model showed no association between planned (adjusted mean difference = 0.00; [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.10; 0.10], p-value = 0.97) or emergency CS (adjusted mean difference = 0.08; [95% CI -0.01; 0.17], p-value = 0.09) and child BMI. At age seven years, there was no association between planned CS and BF% (adjusted mean difference = 0.13; [95% CI -0.23; 0.49]); there was no association at age fourteen years. Conclusions: Infants born by planned CS did not have a significantly higher BMI or BF% compared to those born by normal VD. This may suggest that the association, described in the literature, could be due to the indications/reasons for CS birth or residual confounding.

Suggested Citation

  • Gwinyai Masukume & Ali S Khashan & Susan M B Morton & Philip N Baker & Louise C Kenny & Fergus P McCarthy, 2019. "Caesarean section delivery and childhood obesity in a British longitudinal cohort study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(10), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0223856
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223856
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0223856
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0223856&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0223856?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cassandra Willyard, 2018. "Could baby’s first bacteria take root before birth?," Nature, Nature, vol. 553(7688), pages 264-266, January.
    2. Jef Leroy, 2011. "ZSCORE06: Stata module to calculate anthropometric z-scores using the 2006 WHO child growth standards," Statistical Software Components S457279, Boston College Department of Economics, revised 04 Oct 2011.
    3. Oonagh E Keag & Jane E Norman & Sarah J Stock, 2018. "Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-22, January.
    4. Linda Wampach & Anna Heintz-Buschart & Joëlle V. Fritz & Javier Ramiro-Garcia & Janine Habier & Malte Herold & Shaman Narayanasamy & Anne Kaysen & Angela H. Hogan & Lutz Bindl & Jean Bottu & Rashi Hal, 2018. "Birth mode is associated with earliest strain-conferred gut microbiome functions and immunostimulatory potential," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-14, December.
    5. Peter J. Turnbaugh & Ruth E. Ley & Michael A. Mahowald & Vincent Magrini & Elaine R. Mardis & Jeffrey I. Gordon, 2006. "An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest," Nature, Nature, vol. 444(7122), pages 1027-1031, December.
    6. Nicola Heslehurst & Rute Vieira & Zainab Akhter & Hayley Bailey & Emma Slack & Lem Ngongalah & Augustina Pemu & Judith Rankin, 2019. "The association between maternal body mass index and child obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-20, June.
    7. Karthik Darmasseelane & Matthew J Hyde & Shalini Santhakumaran & Chris Gale & Neena Modi, 2014. "Mode of Delivery and Offspring Body Mass Index, Overweight and Obesity in Adult Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-15, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yunping Zhou & Yanqing Zhang & Yun Sun & Dongfeng Zhang, 2020. "Association of Cesarean Birth with Body Mass Index Trajectories in Adolescence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-9, March.
    2. Aneta Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak & Jacek Krzysztof Szymański & Michał Ciebiera & Beata Sarecka-Hujar & Grzegorz Jakiel, 2020. "Pediatrics Consequences of Caesarean Section—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-17, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Genova, Christian & Umberger, Wendy J. & Peralta-Sanchez, Maria-Alexandra & Newman, Suzie & Zeng, Di, 2021. "The Impact of Smallholder Vegetable Production on Rural Vietnamese Children’s Nutrition Outcomes," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315293, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Kiran Konain & Sadia & Turfa Nadeem & Adeed Khan & Warda Iqbal & Arsalan & Amir Javed & Ruby Khan & Kainat Jamil & Kainat Jamil, 2018. "Importance of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Tract," Journal of Asian Scientific Research, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 8(3), pages 128-143, March.
    3. Marjolein Heddes & Baraa Altaha & Yunhui Niu & Sandra Reitmeier & Karin Kleigrewe & Dirk Haller & Silke Kiessling, 2022. "The intestinal clock drives the microbiome to maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Aneta Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak & Jacek Krzysztof Szymański & Michał Ciebiera & Beata Sarecka-Hujar & Grzegorz Jakiel, 2020. "Pediatrics Consequences of Caesarean Section—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-17, October.
    5. Anisma R. Gokoel & Arti Shankar & Firoz Abdoel Wahid & Ashna D. Hindori-Mohangoo & Hannah H. Covert & Jeffrey K. Wickliffe & Emily W. Harville & Wilco C. W. R. Zijlmans & Maureen Y. Lichtveld, 2021. "The Cumulative Risk of Prenatal Exposures to Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors on Birth Outcomes in Suriname," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-13, July.
    6. Cristiane R. S. Câmara & Carlos A. Urrea & Vicki Schlegel, 2013. "Pinto Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a Functional Food: Implications on Human Health," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-22, February.
    7. Armand Mboutchouang Kountchou & Soazic Elise Wang Sonne & Gadom Djal Gadom, 2019. "The Local Impact of Armed Conflict on Children’s Nutrition and Health Outcomes: Evidence from Chad," HiCN Working Papers 301, Households in Conflict Network.
    8. Vinod Nikhra, 2019. "The Novel Dimensions of Cardio-Metabolic Health Gut Microbiota, Dysbiosis and its Fallouts," Current Research in Diabetes & Obesity Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 11(1), pages 28-37, June.
    9. Kerstin Thriene & Karin B. Michels, 2023. "Human Gut Microbiota Plasticity throughout the Life Course," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-14, January.
    10. Shinji Fukuda & Yumiko Nakanishi & Eisuke Chikayama & Hiroshi Ohno & Tsuneo Hino & Jun Kikuchi, 2009. "Evaluation and Characterization of Bacterial Metabolic Dynamics with a Novel Profiling Technique, Real-Time Metabolotyping," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(3), pages 1-10, March.
    11. James Robert White & Niranjan Nagarajan & Mihai Pop, 2009. "Statistical Methods for Detecting Differentially Abundant Features in Clinical Metagenomic Samples," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(4), pages 1-11, April.
    12. Taja Bracic & Isabella Pfniß & Nadja Taumberger & Kaltrina Kutllovci-Hasani & Daniela Ulrich & Wolfgang Schöll & Philipp Reif, 2020. "A 10 year comparative study of caesarean deliveries using the Robson 10 group classification system in a university hospital in Austria," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-11, October.
    13. David Card & Alessandra Fenizia & David Silver, 2023. "The Health Impacts of Hospital Delivery Practices," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 42-81, May.
    14. Michael DiMarzio & Brigida Rusconi & Neela H Yennawar & Mark Eppinger & Andrew D Patterson & Edward G Dudley, 2017. "Identification of a mouse Lactobacillus johnsonii strain with deconjugase activity against the FXR antagonist T-β-MCA," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, September.
    15. Bryan E. Shepherd & Kyunghee Han & Tong Chen & Aihua Bian & Shannon Pugh & Stephany N. Duda & Thomas Lumley & William J. Heerman & Pamela A. Shaw, 2023. "Multiwave validation sampling for error‐prone electronic health records," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 79(3), pages 2649-2663, September.
    16. Tamar Ringel-Kulka & Jing Cheng & Yehuda Ringel & Jarkko Salojärvi & Ian Carroll & Airi Palva & Willem M de Vos & Reetta Satokari, 2013. "Intestinal Microbiota in Healthy U.S. Young Children and Adults—A High Throughput Microarray Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(5), pages 1-10, May.
    17. Hannah Lees & Jonathan Swann & Simon M Poucher & Jeremy K Nicholson & Elaine Holmes & Ian D Wilson & Julian R Marchesi, 2014. "Age and Microenvironment Outweigh Genetic Influence on the Zucker Rat Microbiome," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(9), pages 1-11, September.
    18. Katrina Kosec & Olga N. Shemyakina, 2024. "Land Reform and Child Health in the Kyrgyz Republic," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 72(2), pages 867-917.
    19. Barbara Emmenegger & Julien Massoni & Christine M. Pestalozzi & Miriam Bortfeld-Miller & Benjamin A. Maier & Julia A. Vorholt, 2023. "Identifying microbiota community patterns important for plant protection using synthetic communities and machine learning," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
    20. Liat Shenhav & Ori Furman & Leah Briscoe & Mike Thompson & Justin D Silverman & Itzhak Mizrahi & Eran Halperin, 2019. "Modeling the temporal dynamics of the gut microbial community in adults and infants," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, June.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0223856. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.