IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0192451.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A structural equation modeling approach to understanding pathways that connect socioeconomic status and smoking

Author

Listed:
  • Sydney A Martinez
  • Laura A Beebe
  • David M Thompson
  • Theodore L Wagener
  • Deirdra R Terrell
  • Janis E Campbell

Abstract

The inverse association between socioeconomic status and smoking is well established, yet the mechanisms that drive this relationship are unclear. We developed and tested four theoretical models of the pathways that link socioeconomic status to current smoking prevalence using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Using data from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey, we selected four indicator variables (poverty ratio, personal earnings, educational attainment, and employment status) that we hypothesize underlie a latent variable, socioeconomic status. We measured direct, indirect, and total effects of socioeconomic status on smoking on four pathways through four latent variables representing social cohesion, financial strain, sleep disturbance, and psychological distress. Results of the model indicated that the probability of being a smoker decreased by 26% of a standard deviation for every one standard deviation increase in socioeconomic status. The direct effects of socioeconomic status on smoking accounted for the majority of the total effects, but the overall model also included significant indirect effects. Of the four mediators, sleep disturbance and psychological distress had the largest total effects on current smoking. We explored the use of structural equation modeling in epidemiology to quantify effects of socioeconomic status on smoking through four social and psychological factors to identify potential targets for interventions. A better understanding of the complex relationship between socioeconomic status and smoking is critical as we continue to reduce the burden of tobacco and eliminate health disparities related to smoking.

Suggested Citation

  • Sydney A Martinez & Laura A Beebe & David M Thompson & Theodore L Wagener & Deirdra R Terrell & Janis E Campbell, 2018. "A structural equation modeling approach to understanding pathways that connect socioeconomic status and smoking," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0192451
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192451
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0192451
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0192451&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0192451?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. McClave, A.K. & McKnight-Eily, L.R. & Davis, S.P. & Dube, S.R., 2010. "Smoking characteristics of adults with selected lifetime mental illnesses: Results from the 2007 national health interview survey," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(12), pages 2464-2472.
    2. Honjo, Kaori & Tsutsumi, Akizumi & Kawachi, Ichiro & Kawakami, Norito, 2006. "What accounts for the relationship between social class and smoking cessation? Results of a path analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 317-328, January.
    3. Shanta Dube & Ralph Caraballo & Satvinder Dhingra & William Pearson & Annette McClave & Tara Strine & Joyce Berry & Ali Mokdad, 2009. "The relationship between smoking status and serious psychological distress: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(1), pages 68-74, June.
    4. Escobedo, L.G. & Peddicord, J.P., 1996. "Smoking prevalence in US birth cohorts: The influence of gender and education," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 86(2), pages 231-236.
    5. N. Hamilton & C. Nelson & N. Stevens & Heather Kitzman, 2007. "Sleep and psychological well-being," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 82(1), pages 147-163, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. N. Dardenne & B. Pétré & E. Husson & M. Guillaume & A. F. Donneau, 2020. "Assessing Quality of Life in an Obesity Observational Study: a Structural Equation Modeling Approach," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 15(4), pages 1117-1133, September.
    2. Celina I. Valencia & Francine C. Gachupin & Yamilé Molina & Ken Batai, 2022. "Interrogating Patterns of Cancer Disparities by Expanding the Social Determinants of Health Framework to Include Biological Pathways of Social Experiences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-11, February.
    3. Adam Hege & Michael K. Lemke & Yorghos Apostolopoulos & Brian Whitaker & Sevil Sönmez, 2019. "Work-Life Conflict among U.S. Long-Haul Truck Drivers: Influences of Work Organization, Perceived Job Stress, Sleep, and Organizational Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Larissa Barber & Elizabeth Rupprecht & David Munz, 2014. "Sleep Habits May Undermine Well-Being Through the Stressor Appraisal Process," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 285-299, April.
    2. Sue C Lin & Nadra Tyus & Maura Maloney & Bonnie Ohri & Alek Sripipatana, 2020. "Mental health status among women of reproductive age from underserved communities in the United States and the associations between depression and physical health. A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Panagis Galiatsatos & MopeninuJesu Oluyinka & Jihyun Min & Raiza Schreiber & Dina G. Lansey & Ruth Ikpe & Manuel C. Pacheco & Victoria DeJaco & Alejandra Ellison-Barnes & Enid Neptune & Norma F. Kanar, 2022. "Prevalence of Mental Health and Social Connection among Patients Seeking Tobacco Dependence Management: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-9, September.
    4. Rusdi Abd Rashid & Sharmilla Kanagasundram & Mahmoud Danaee & Hazreen Abdul Majid & Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman & Muhammad Muhsin Ahmad Zahari & Chong Guan Ng & Benedict Francis & Wan Azlinda Irnee Wan Husin, 2019. "The Prevalence of Smoking, Determinants and Chance of Psychological Problems among Smokers in an Urban Community Housing Project in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-9, May.
    5. Seok Hyun Gwon & Young Ik Cho & Han Joo Lee & Soonhwa Paek & Phoenix A. Matthews, 2022. "Moderating Effects of Smoking Status on the Relationships Between Mental Health Problems and Poor Sleep," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440221, March.
    6. Heyes, Anthony & Zhu, Mingying, 2019. "Air pollution as a cause of sleeplessness: Social media evidence from a panel of Chinese cities," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    7. Hale, Lauren & Hill, Terrence D. & Friedman, Elliot & Javier Nieto, F. & Galvao, Loren W. & Engelman, Corinne D. & Malecki, Kristen M.C. & Peppard, Paul E., 2013. "Perceived neighborhood quality, sleep quality, and health status: Evidence from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 16-22.
    8. Sean A. P. Clouston & Marcie S. Rubin & Jo C. Phelan & Bruce G. Link, 2016. "A Social History of Disease: Contextualizing the Rise and Fall of Social Inequalities in Cause-Specific Mortality," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(5), pages 1631-1656, October.
    9. Jennifer Karas Montez & Kaitlyn Barnes, 2016. "The Benefits of Educational Attainment for U.S. Adult Mortality: Are they Contingent on the Broader Environment?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 35(1), pages 73-100, February.
    10. Kayla A Chase & Benjamin Feiner & Marcia J Ramaker & Edward Hu & Cherise Rosen & Rajiv P Sharma, 2019. "Examining the effects of the histone methyltransferase inhibitor BIX-01294 on histone modifications and gene expression in both a clinical population and mouse models," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-17, June.
    11. Shih-Chieh Huang & Shang-Lien Lo & Yen-Ching Lin, 2013. "To Re-Explore the Causality between Barriers to Renewable Energy Development: A Case Study of Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-24, August.
    12. David Maume & Rachel Sebastian, 2012. "Gender, Nonstandard Work Schedules, and Marital Quality," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 477-490, December.
    13. Friedman, Elliot & Franks, Melissa & Teas, Elizabeth & Thomas, Patricia A., 2024. "Social connectedness, functional capacity, and longevity: A focus on positive relations with others," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    14. Yoonyoung Choi & Hui Zheng, 2023. "Onset and Cessation of Smoking: Temporal Dynamics and Racial Difference in Educational Smoking Disparities among Women," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(6), pages 1-26, December.
    15. Keyes, Katherine M. & March, Dana & Link, Bruce G. & Chilcoat, Howard D. & Susser, Ezra, 2013. "Do socio-economic gradients in smoking emerge differently across time by gender? Implications for the tobacco epidemic from a pregnancy cohort in California, USA," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 101-106.
    16. Jessica Bloom & Sabine Geurts & Michiel Kompier, 2013. "Vacation (after-) effects on employee health and well-being, and the role of vacation activities, experiences and sleep," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 613-633, April.
    17. Nie, Peng & Sousa-Poza, Alfonso, 2018. "Commute time and subjective well-being in urban China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 188-204.
    18. Songli Mei & Yueyang Hu & Mengzi Sun & Junsong Fei & Chuanen Li & Leilei Liang & Yuanchao Hu, 2021. "Association between Bullying Victimization and Symptoms of Depression among Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-12, March.
    19. Ross Barnett, J. & Pearce, Jamie & Howes, Pamela, 2006. "'Help, educate, encourage?': Geographical variations in the provision and utilisation of diabetes education in New Zealand," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(5), pages 1328-1343, September.
    20. Jara-Díaz, Sergio R. & Rosales-Salas, Jorge, 2020. "Time use: The role of sleep," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 1-20.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0192451. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.