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Commute time and subjective well-being in urban China

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  • Nie, Peng
  • Sousa-Poza, Alfonso

Abstract

Using data from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies, this study investigates the association between commute time and subjective well-being in a sample of 16- to 65-year-old employees in urban China. We find evidence that a longer commute time is associated with lower levels of both life satisfaction and happiness, especially when the commute times are extreme (≥1 hour per day). A multiple mediation analysis further indicates that the relation between commute time and happiness is partially mediated by the time spent on daily activities, particularly sleep. We also calculate the amount of income necessary to compensate an employee's loss in well-being at approximately 82 yuan per hour of commute time, implying that in urban China the annual loss of well-being amounts to around 10 billion yuan.

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  • Nie, Peng & Sousa-Poza, Alfonso, 2018. "Commute time and subjective well-being in urban China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 188-204.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chieco:v:48:y:2018:i:c:p:188-204
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2016.03.002
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    Cited by:

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    3. Bing Bai & Neena Gopalan & Nicholas Beutell & Fang Ren, 2021. "Impact of Absolute and Relative Commute Time on Work–Family Conflict: Work Schedule Control, Child Care Hours, and Life Satisfaction," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 586-600, December.
    4. Julia Ingenfeld & Tobias Wolbring & Herbert Bless, 2019. "Commuting and Life Satisfaction Revisited: Evidence on a Non-linear Relationship," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 20(8), pages 2677-2709, December.
    5. Zuoxian Gan & Tao Feng & Min Yang, 2018. "Exploring the Effects of Car Ownership and Commuting on Subjective Well-Being: A Nationwide Questionnaire Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, December.
    6. Lukas Leitner, 2024. "Imprecision in the Estimation of Willingness to Pay Using Subjective Well-Being Data," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 1-40, October.
    7. Ben Clark & Kiron Chatterjee & Adam Martin & Adrian Davis, 2020. "How commuting affects subjective wellbeing," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(6), pages 2777-2805, December.
    8. Kroesen, Maarten, 2022. "Working from home during the corona-crisis is associated with higher subjective well-being for women with long (pre-corona) commutes," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 14-23.
    9. Tao, Yinhua & van Ham, Maarten & Petrović, Ana & Ta, Na, 2023. "A household perspective on the commuting paradox: Longitudinal relationships between commuting time and subjective wellbeing for couples in China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    10. Lorenz, Olga, 2018. "Does commuting matter to subjective well-being?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 180-199.
    11. Peng Nie & Wanglin Ma & Alfonso Sousa-Poza, 2021. "The relationship between smartphone use and subjective well-being in rural China," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 983-1009, December.
    12. Maheshwari, Richa & Van Acker, Veronique & Gerber, Philippe, 2024. "Commuting vs teleworking: How does it impact the relationship between commuting satisfaction and subjective well-being," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    13. Wang, Qing & Lin, Mengyun, 2019. "Work-family policy and female entrepreneurship: Evidence from China's subsidized child care program," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 256-270.
    14. Wanglin Ma & Puneet Vatsa & Hongyun Zheng & Emmanuel Donkor & Victor Owusu, 2023. "Does Adoption of Information and Communication Technology Reduce Objective and Subjective Well-Being Inequality? Evidence from China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(1), pages 55-77, September.
    15. Belloc, Ignacio & Giménez-Nadal, José Ignacio & Molina, José Alberto, 2022. "The gasoline price and the commuting behavior: Towards sustainable modes of transport," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1130, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    16. Pengxiang Ding & Suwei Feng, 2022. "How School Travel Affects Children’s Psychological Well-Being and Academic Achievement in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, October.
    17. Lucia Kvasková & Karel Rečka & Stanislav Ježek & Petr Macek, 2022. "Time Spent on Daily Activities and Its Association with Life Satisfaction among Czech Adolescents from 1992 to 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, August.
    18. Jiankun Yang & Min He & Mingwei He, 2022. "Exploring the Group Difference in the Nonlinear Relationship between Commuting Satisfaction and Commuting Time," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-19, July.
    19. Hui Wang & Mei-Po Kwan & Mingxing Hu & Junheng Qi & Jiemin Zheng & Bin Han, 2022. "Time Allocation and the Activity-Space-Based Segregation of Different Income Groups: A Case Study of Nanjing," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
    20. Cristian Ortiz & Aldo Salinas & Johanna Alvarado & Viviana Huachizaca, 2024. "How Much are you Willing to Accept for Being Away From Home? Internal Migration and Job Satisfaction Among Formal-Informal Ecuadorian Workers," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 19(4), pages 1829-1857, August.
    21. Wen Xiang & Jianzhong Gao, 2023. "From Agricultural Green Production to Farmers’ Happiness: A Case Study of Kiwi Growers in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-25, February.
    22. Olga Lorenz, 2017. "Does Commuting Matter to Subjective Well-Being?," IAAEU Discussion Papers 201707, Institute of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Commute time; Life satisfaction; Happiness; Urban China;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • J33 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise

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