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The Success of Linear Bootstrapping Models: Decision Domain-, Expertise-, and Criterion-Specific Meta-Analysis

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  • Esther Kaufmann
  • Werner W Wittmann

Abstract

The success of bootstrapping or replacing a human judge with a model (e.g., an equation) has been demonstrated in Paul Meehl’s (1954) seminal work and bolstered by the results of several meta-analyses. To date, however, analyses considering different types of meta-analyses as well as the potential dependence of bootstrapping success on the decision domain, the level of expertise of the human judge, and the criterion for what constitutes an accurate decision have been missing from the literature. In this study, we addressed these research gaps by conducting a meta-analysis of lens model studies. We compared the results of a traditional (bare-bones) meta-analysis with findings of a meta-analysis of the success of bootstrap models corrected for various methodological artifacts. In line with previous studies, we found that bootstrapping was more successful than human judgment. Furthermore, bootstrapping was more successful in studies with an objective decision criterion than in studies with subjective or test score criteria. We did not find clear evidence that the success of bootstrapping depended on the decision domain (e.g., education or medicine) or on the judge’s level of expertise (novice or expert). Correction of methodological artifacts increased the estimated success of bootstrapping, suggesting that previous analyses without artifact correction (i.e., traditional meta-analyses) may have underestimated the value of bootstrapping models.

Suggested Citation

  • Esther Kaufmann & Werner W Wittmann, 2016. "The Success of Linear Bootstrapping Models: Decision Domain-, Expertise-, and Criterion-Specific Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0157914
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157914
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Esther Kaufmann & Ulf-Dietrich Reips & Werner W Wittmann, 2013. "A Critical Meta-Analysis of Lens Model Studies in Human Judgment and Decision-Making," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(12), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Stewart, Thomas R. & Roebber, Paul J. & Bosart, Lance F., 1997. "The Importance of the Task in Analyzing Expert Judgment," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 205-219, March.
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    4. Harvey, Nigel & Harries, Clare, 2004. "Effects of judges' forecasting on their later combination of forecasts for the same outcomes," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 391-409.
    5. Mear, Ross & Firth, Michael, 1987. "Assessing the accuracy of financial analyst security return predictions," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 331-340, June.
    6. Ashton, Ah, 1982. "An Empirical-Study Of Budget-Related Predictions Of Corporate-Executives," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 440-449.
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    2. Rebitschek, Felix G. & Gigerenzer, Gerd & Wagner, Gert G., 2021. "People underestimate the errors made by algorithms for credit scoring and recidivism prediction but accept even fewer errors," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 11, pages 1-11.

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