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Complex Network Theory Applied to the Growth of Kuala Lumpur’s Public Urban Rail Transit Network

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  • Rui Ding
  • Norsidah Ujang
  • Hussain bin Hamid
  • Jianjun Wu

Abstract

Recently, the number of studies involving complex network applications in transportation has increased steadily as scholars from various fields analyze traffic networks. Nonetheless, research on rail network growth is relatively rare. This research examines the evolution of the Public Urban Rail Transit Networks of Kuala Lumpur (PURTNoKL) based on complex network theory and covers both the topological structure of the rail system and future trends in network growth. In addition, network performance when facing different attack strategies is also assessed. Three topological network characteristics are considered: connections, clustering and centrality. In PURTNoKL, we found that the total number of nodes and edges exhibit a linear relationship and that the average degree stays within the interval [2.0488, 2.6774] with heavy-tailed distributions. The evolutionary process shows that the cumulative probability distribution (CPD) of degree and the average shortest path length show good fit with exponential distribution and normal distribution, respectively. Moreover, PURTNoKL exhibits clear cluster characteristics; most of the nodes have a 2-core value, and the CPDs of the centrality’s closeness and betweenness follow a normal distribution function and an exponential distribution, respectively. Finally, we discuss four different types of network growth styles and the line extension process, which reveal that the rail network’s growth is likely based on the nodes with the biggest lengths of the shortest path and that network protection should emphasize those nodes with the largest degrees and the highest betweenness values. This research may enhance the networkability of the rail system and better shape the future growth of public rail networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Rui Ding & Norsidah Ujang & Hussain bin Hamid & Jianjun Wu, 2015. "Complex Network Theory Applied to the Growth of Kuala Lumpur’s Public Urban Rail Transit Network," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(10), pages 1-22, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0139961
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139961
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Zhijie & Chen, Xiaolong, 2018. "Evolution assessment of Shanghai Urban Rail Transit Network," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 503(C), pages 1263-1274.
    2. Wei Yu & Jun Chen & Xingchen Yan, 2019. "Space‒Time Evolution Analysis of the Nanjing Metro Network Based on a Complex Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Jungyeol Hong & Reuben Tamakloe & Soobeom Lee & Dongjoo Park, 2019. "Exploring the Topological Characteristics of Complex Public Transportation Networks: Focus on Variations in Both Single and Integrated Systems in the Seoul Metropolitan Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-26, September.
    4. Rui Ding & Jian Yin & Peng Dai & Lu Jiao & Rong Li & Tongfei Li & Jianjun Wu, 2019. "Optimal Topology of Multilayer Urban Traffic Networks," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-19, October.
    5. Yu Wei & Sun Ning, 2018. "Establishment and Analysis of the Supernetwork Model for Nanjing Metro Transportation System," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-11, December.
    6. Ding, Rui & Zhou, Tao & Zhang, Yilin & Du, YiMing & Chen, Shihui & Fu, Jun & Du, Linyu & Zhang, Ting & Li, Tongfei, 2022. "The influence of average speed ratio on multilayer traffic network," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 594(C).
    7. Rui Ding, 2019. "The Complex Network Theory-Based Urban Land-Use and Transport Interaction Studies," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-14, June.
    8. Rui Ding & Norsidah Ujang & Hussain Bin Hamid & Mohd Shahrudin Abd Manan & Rong Li & Safwan Subhi Mousa Albadareen & Ashkan Nochian & Jianjun Wu, 2019. "Application of Complex Networks Theory in Urban Traffic Network Researches," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1281-1317, December.
    9. Lin Zhang & Jian Lu & Bai-bai Fu & Shu-bin Li, 2018. "A Review and Prospect for the Complexity and Resilience of Urban Public Transit Network Based on Complex Network Theory," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-36, December.
    10. Adriana Giret & Carlos Carrascosa & Vicente Julian & Miguel Rebollo & Vicente Botti, 2018. "A Crowdsourcing Approach for Sustainable Last Mile Delivery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    11. Ding, Rui & Ujang, Norsidah & Hamid, Hussain bin & Manan, Mohd Shahrudin Abd & He, Yuou & Li, Rong & Wu, Jianjun, 2018. "Detecting the urban traffic network structure dynamics through the growth and analysis of multi-layer networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 503(C), pages 800-817.
    12. Shiguang Wang & Dexin Yu & Mei-Po Kwan & Huxing Zhou & Yongxing Li & Hongzhi Miao, 2019. "The Evolution and Growth Patterns of the Road Network in a Medium-Sized Developing City: A Historical Investigation of Changchun, China, from 1912 to 2017," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-25, September.
    13. Ghazy, Shams & Tang, Yu Hoe & Mugumya, Kevin Luwemba & Wong, Jing Ying & Chan, Andy, 2022. "Future-proofing Klang Valley’s veins with REBET: A framework for directing transportation technologies towards infrastructure resilience," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    14. Hao, Yucheng & Jia, Limin & Wang, Yanhui, 2020. "Robustness of weighted networks with the harmonic closeness against cascading failures," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 541(C).
    15. Lei, Da & Cheng, Long & Wang, Pengfei & Chen, Xuewu & Zhang, Lin, 2024. "Identifying service bottlenecks in public bikesharing flow networks," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    16. Wang, Shiguang & Yu, Dexin & Lin, Ciyun & Shang, Qiang & Lin, Yu, 2018. "How to connect with each other between roads? An empirical study of urban road connection properties," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 512(C), pages 775-787.
    17. Zhang, Mengyao & Huang, Tao & Guo, Zhaoxia & He, Zhenggang, 2022. "Complex-network-based traffic network analysis and dynamics: A comprehensive review," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 607(C).

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