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Urban Environments and Obesity in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression

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  • Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
  • Wichuda Jiraporncharoen
  • Boriboon Chenthanakij
  • Pat Doyle
  • Dorothea Nitsch

Abstract

Many environmental factors contribute to the rise in prevalence of obesity in populations but one key driver is urbanization. Countries in Southeast (SE) Asia have undergone rapid changes in urbanization in recent decades. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of studies exploring the relationship between living in an urban or rural environment (urbanicity) and obesity in Southeast Asia. In particular, the review will investigate whether the associations are uniform across countries and ages, and by sex. The literature search was conducted up to June 2014 using five databases: EMBASE, PubMed, GlobalHealth, DigitalJournal and Open Grey. Forty-five articles representing eight of the eleven countries in SE Asia were included in the review. The review found a consistent positive association between urbanicity and obesity in countries of Southeast Asia, in all age groups and both genders. Regional differences between the associations are partly explained by gross national income (GNI). In countries with lower GNI per capita, the association between urbanicity and obesity was greater. Such findings have implications for policy makers. They imply that population level interventions need to be country or region specific, tailored to suit the current stage of economic development. In addition, less developed countries might be more vulnerable to the negative health impact of urbanization than more developed countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaisiri Angkurawaranon & Wichuda Jiraporncharoen & Boriboon Chenthanakij & Pat Doyle & Dorothea Nitsch, 2014. "Urban Environments and Obesity in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0113547
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113547
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Colette Cunningham-Myrie & Katherine P Theall & Novie Younger-Coleman & Lisa-Gaye Greene & Parris Lyew-Ayee & Rainford Wilks, 2021. "Associations of neighborhood physical and crime environments with obesity-related outcomes in Jamaica," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Jaiprakash Mohanraj & Urban J. A. D’Souza & Siat Yee Fong & Ivan Rolland Karkada & Heethal Jaiprakash, 2022. "Association between Leptin (G2548A) and Leptin Receptor (Q223R) Polymorphisms with Plasma Leptin, BMI, Stress, Sleep and Eating Patterns among the Multiethnic Young Malaysian Adult Population from a H," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-17, July.
    4. Cheng Chen & Xianglong Xu & Yan Yan, 2018. "Estimated global overweight and obesity burden in pregnant women based on panel data model," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Małgorzata Ewa Drywień & Jadwiga Hamulka & Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos & Marta Jeruszka-Bielak & Magdalena Górnicka, 2020. "The COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns and Changes in Body Weight among Polish Women. A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-18, September.

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