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Effect of Fruit Juice on Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials

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  • Bin Wang
  • Kai Liu
  • Mantian Mi
  • Jian Wang

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide health problem. Whether fruit juice is beneficial in glycemic control is still inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on fruit juice in relationship to glucose control and insulin sensitivity. Methods: A strategic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (updated to March, 2014) was performed to retrieve the randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of fruit juice on glucose control and insulin sensitivity. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. Weighted mean differences were calculated for net changes in the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using fixed- or random-effects model. Prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential heterogeneity. Results: Twelve trials comprising a total of 412 subjects were included in the current meta-analysis. The numbers of these studies that reported the data on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were 12, 5, 3 and 3, respectively. Fruit juice consumption did not show a significant effect on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. The net change was 0.79 mg/dL (95% CI: −1.44, 3.02 mg/dL; P = 0.49) for fasting glucose concentrations and −0.74 µIU/ml (95% CI: −2.62, 1.14 µIU/ml; P = 0.44) for fasting insulin concentrations in the fixed-effects model. Subgroup analyses further suggested that the effect of fruit juice on fasting glucose concentrations was not influenced by population region, baseline glucose concentration, duration, type of fruit juice, glycemic index of fruit juice, fruit juice nutrient constitution, total polyphenols dose and Jadad score. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that fruit juice may have no overall effect on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. More RCTs are warranted to further clarify the association between fruit juice and glycemic control.

Suggested Citation

  • Bin Wang & Kai Liu & Mantian Mi & Jian Wang, 2014. "Effect of Fruit Juice on Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0095323
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095323
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kai Liu & Anhui Xing & Ka Chen & Bin Wang & Rui Zhou & Shihui Chen & Hongxia Xu & Mantian Mi, 2013. "Effect of Fruit Juice on Cholesterol and Blood Pressure in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 19 Randomized Controlled Trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-9, April.
    2. Julian P. T. Higgins & Simon G. Thompson & David J. Spiegelhalter, 2009. "A re‐evaluation of random‐effects meta‐analysis," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 172(1), pages 137-159, January.
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    1. María Dolores Salas-González & María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan & Aránzazu Aparicio & Laura M. Bermejo & Viviana Loria-Kohen & Rosa M. Ortega & Ana M. López-Sobaler, 2023. "Breakfast Quality and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-18, January.

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