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Breakfast Quality and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • María Dolores Salas-González

    (VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan

    (VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Aránzazu Aparicio

    (VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Laura M. Bermejo

    (VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Viviana Loria-Kohen

    (VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Rosa M. Ortega

    (VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ana M. López-Sobaler

    (VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Background: Breakfast has traditionally been considered one of the most important meals of the day; however, there is little evidence for the influence of breakfast quality and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to assess the quality of breakfast in a group of schoolchildren, and its association with IR. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 852 children (8–13 years) was carried out. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and anthropometric parameters were measured. A three-day dietary record was used to assess their diet and to calculate the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI). The sample was divided into tertiles according to the BQI (tertile 3: better breakfast quality). The homeostatic model was used to assess insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and IR was defined as HOMA-IR > 3.16. Results: The prevalence of IR was 5.2%. The mean BQI score was 4.50 ± 1.25, and boys had lower scores than girls. Children in the BQI tertile 3 had a better global diet quality. In boys, being in the BQI tertile 3 was associated with a lower risk of IR (OR [95% CI]: 0.10 [0.01–0.77], p < 0.05). Conclusions: A higher-quality breakfast was associated with better overall diet quality and a lower risk of IR, especially in boys.

Suggested Citation

  • María Dolores Salas-González & María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan & Aránzazu Aparicio & Laura M. Bermejo & Viviana Loria-Kohen & Rosa M. Ortega & Ana M. López-Sobaler, 2023. "Breakfast Quality and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1181-:d:1030125
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rosario Ferrer-Cascales & Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo & Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo & Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez & Ana Laguna-Pérez & Ana Zaragoza-Martí, 2018. "Eat or Skip Breakfast? The Important Role of Breakfast Quality for Health-Related Quality of Life, Stress and Depression in Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Bin Wang & Kai Liu & Mantian Mi & Jian Wang, 2014. "Effect of Fruit Juice on Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-10, April.
    3. Hye Jin Joo & Gyu Ri Kim & Eun-Cheol Park & Sung-In Jang, 2020. "Association between Frequency of Breakfast Consumption and Insulin Resistance Using Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-13, May.
    4. Reyna Sámano & Carmen Hernández-Chávez & Gabriela Chico-Barba & Armando Córdova-Barrios & Mayela Morales-del-Olmo & Hortensia Sordo-Figuero & Miguel Hernández & Carmen Merino-Palacios & Lucero Cervant, 2019. "Breakfast Nutritional Quality and Cognitive Interference in University Students from Mexico City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-11, July.
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