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Effects of Soil Organic Matter Properties and Microbial Community Composition on Enzyme Activities in Cryoturbated Arctic Soils

Author

Listed:
  • Jörg Schnecker
  • Birgit Wild
  • Florian Hofhansl
  • Ricardo J Eloy Alves
  • Jiří Bárta
  • Petr Čapek
  • Lucia Fuchslueger
  • Norman Gentsch
  • Antje Gittel
  • Georg Guggenberger
  • Angelika Hofer
  • Sandra Kienzl
  • Anna Knoltsch
  • Nikolay Lashchinskiy
  • Robert Mikutta
  • Hana Šantrůčková
  • Olga Shibistova
  • Mounir Takriti
  • Tim Urich
  • Georg Weltin
  • Andreas Richter

Abstract

Enzyme-mediated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is controlled, amongst other factors, by organic matter properties and by the microbial decomposer community present. Since microbial community composition and SOM properties are often interrelated and both change with soil depth, the drivers of enzymatic decomposition are hard to dissect. We investigated soils from three regions in the Siberian Arctic, where carbon rich topsoil material has been incorporated into the subsoil (cryoturbation). We took advantage of this subduction to test if SOM properties shape microbial community composition, and to identify controls of both on enzyme activities. We found that microbial community composition (estimated by phospholipid fatty acid analysis), was similar in cryoturbated material and in surrounding subsoil, although carbon and nitrogen contents were similar in cryoturbated material and topsoils. This suggests that the microbial community in cryoturbated material was not well adapted to SOM properties. We also measured three potential enzyme activities (cellobiohydrolase, leucine-amino-peptidase and phenoloxidase) and used structural equation models (SEMs) to identify direct and indirect drivers of the three enzyme activities. The models included microbial community composition, carbon and nitrogen contents, clay content, water content, and pH. Models for regular horizons, excluding cryoturbated material, showed that all enzyme activities were mainly controlled by carbon or nitrogen. Microbial community composition had no effect. In contrast, models for cryoturbated material showed that enzyme activities were also related to microbial community composition. The additional control of microbial community composition could have restrained enzyme activities and furthermore decomposition in general. The functional decoupling of SOM properties and microbial community composition might thus be one of the reasons for low decomposition rates and the persistence of 400 Gt carbon stored in cryoturbated material.

Suggested Citation

  • Jörg Schnecker & Birgit Wild & Florian Hofhansl & Ricardo J Eloy Alves & Jiří Bárta & Petr Čapek & Lucia Fuchslueger & Norman Gentsch & Antje Gittel & Georg Guggenberger & Angelika Hofer & Sandra Kien, 2014. "Effects of Soil Organic Matter Properties and Microbial Community Composition on Enzyme Activities in Cryoturbated Arctic Soils," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0094076
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gustaf Hugelius & Peter Kuhry & Charles Tarnocai & Tarmo Virtanen, 2010. "Soil organic carbon pools in a periglacial landscape: a case study from the central Canadian Arctic," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(1), pages 16-29, January.
    2. P. Kuhry & E. Dorrepaal & G. Hugelius & E. A. G. Schuur & C. Tarnocai, 2010. "Potential remobilization of belowground permafrost carbon under future global warming," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(2), pages 208-214, April.
    3. Robert L. Sinsabaugh & Brian H. Hill & Jennifer J. Follstad Shah, 2009. "Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment," Nature, Nature, vol. 462(7274), pages 795-798, December.
    4. Christoph Oelke & Tingjun Zhang, 2004. "A model study of circum‐Arctic soil temperatures," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(2), pages 103-121, April.
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