IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/crepre/v24y2021i1d10.1057_s41299-019-00088-8.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Country’s International Reputation Index

Author

Listed:
  • J. M. Fernandez-Crehuet

    (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)

  • J. Rosales-Salas

    (Universidad Mayor)

  • S. Díaz Cogollos

    (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)

Abstract

Nowadays it is very common to make decisions about our actions and behaviors based on a series of perceptions, which have been created according to a series of variables, and in many cases their deep knowledge is unnecessary. The purpose of this paper is to create an index to measure the reputation of a country based on a financial markets perspective to see how attractive a country is for foreign investors by neutral, constant, and officials measurement criteria. Data for 28 countries have been taken from several officials databases and the method used is principal component analysis. The index is a combination of four different dimensions: (1) markets and trade, (2) national accounts, (3) labor market, (4) living conditions and security, along with 23 distinct factors. The top scores in this index are the United Kingdom, Germany, and Sweden, compared to Bulgaria, Croatia, and Greece, which are at the bottom of the table. In general, the best ranked countries receive high scores in all four dimensions, while the worst ranked countries tend to receive low scores in all four dimensions analyzed. Country’s international reputation index could be used to assist public policies designed to improve reputation in countries where it is needed. The study and analysis of this index will make it possible to measure the evolution of the factors that affect the country, both positively and negatively, in order to identify both strengths and weaknesses in order to improve the latter. This paper is the first to explore the dimensions comprising the international reputation construct at a multinational scope in Europe from an empirical analysis using officials datasets. Although other indexes have been widely used for many country-branding projects, they only show what is being measured by interviews or panel of experts but not by neutral, constant and officials measurement criteria, and therefore this paper fills the gap that exists in the current state-of-the-art.

Suggested Citation

  • J. M. Fernandez-Crehuet & J. Rosales-Salas & S. Díaz Cogollos, 2021. "Country’s International Reputation Index," Corporate Reputation Review, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(1), pages 14-30, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:crepre:v:24:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1057_s41299-019-00088-8
    DOI: 10.1057/s41299-019-00088-8
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41299-019-00088-8
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41299-019-00088-8?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nikolova, Milena S. & Hassan, Salah S., 2013. "Nation branding effects on retrospective global evaluation of past travel experiences," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(6), pages 752-758.
    2. Andy Pike, 2011. "Introduction: Brands and Branding Geographies," Chapters, in: Andy Pike (ed.), Brands and Branding Geographies, chapter 1, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Nicolas Papadopoulos & Yara Ibrahim & Alessandro De Nisco & Maria Rosaria Napolitano, 2018. "The Role of Country Branding in Attracting Foreign Investment: Country Characteristics and Country Image," MERCATI & COMPETITIVIT?, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2018(2), pages 85-108.
    4. Hector Bellido & Jose Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & Raquel Ortega, 2011. "Measuring satisfaction of the unemployed: a composite indicator and policy implications," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(17), pages 1687-1690.
    5. Pike, Steven & Page, Stephen J., 2014. "Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 202-227.
    6. Jose Maria Fernandez-Crehuet & J. Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & Ignacio Danvila del Valle, 2017. "The International Multidimensional Fertility Index: The European Case," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 132(3), pages 1331-1358, July.
    7. Anholt, Simon, 2005. "Anholt Nation Brands Index: How Does the World See America?," Journal of Advertising Research, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45(3), pages 296-304, September.
    8. Andy Pike, 2011. "Conclusions: Brands and Branding Geographies," Chapters, in: Andy Pike (ed.), Brands and Branding Geographies, chapter 19, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    9. Hatem Jemmali & Caroline Sullivan, 2014. "Multidimensional Analysis of Water Poverty in MENA Region: An Empirical Comparison with Physical Indicators," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 115(1), pages 253-277, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aleksy Kwilinski & Oleksii Lyulyov & Tetyana Pimonenko & Denys Pudryk, 2024. "Global Image of Countries and Immigration Flows," Central European Business Review, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2024(4), pages 83-101.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mechthild Donner & Lummina Horlings & Fatiha Fort & Sietze Vellema, 2017. "Place branding, embeddedness and endogenous rural development: Four European cases," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 13(4), pages 273-292, November.
    2. Zsótér Brigitta & Illés Sándor & Simonyi Péter, 2020. "Model of Local Economic Development in Hungarian Countryside," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 12(1), pages 85-98, March.
    3. Jose Maria Fernandez-Crehuet & J. Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal & Luisa Eugenia Reyes Recio, 2016. "The National Work–Life Balance Index©: The European Case," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 128(1), pages 341-359, August.
    4. Bianca-Florentina CHEREGI, 2018. "Consumer Life and User Generated Content in the Age of Social Media," Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, College of Management, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, vol. 6(2), pages 285-305, June.
    5. Andrew Crawley & Max Munday & Rick Delbridge, 2020. "Selling The Region: The Problems of a Multi‐Agency Approach in Promoting Regional Economies," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(3), pages 397-412, June.
    6. Joaquim Rius Ulldemolins, 2014. "Culture and authenticity in urban regeneration processes: Place branding in central Barcelona," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(14), pages 3026-3045, November.
    7. Siiri Same, 2014. "Experience Marketing in Country Branding: Theoretical Developments and an Estonian Case Study," Research in Economics and Business: Central and Eastern Europe, Tallinn School of Economics and Business Administration, Tallinn University of Technology, vol. 6(1).
    8. Sara Calvo & Andrés Morales & Pedro Núñez-Cacho Utrilla & José Manuel Guaita Martínez, 2020. "Addressing Sustainable Social Change for All: Upcycled-Based Social Creative Businesses for the Transformation of Socio-Technical Regimes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-16, April.
    9. Aymen A. Mohib & Conor Carroll, 2024. "Nation branding as a tool to attract foreign direct investments: a case study of Qatar," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(3), pages 363-377, September.
    10. Thomas Yaw Voets, 2023. "“Visit Rwanda”: a well primed public relations campaign or a genuine attempt at improving the country’s image abroad?," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 143-154, March.
    11. Getz, Donald & Page, Stephen J., 2016. "Progress and prospects for event tourism research," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 593-631.
    12. Evinc Dogan & Goran Petkovic, 2016. "Nation Branding in A Transnational Marketing Context: Serbia’s Brand Positioning Through Food and Wine," Transnational Marketing Journal, Oxbridge Publishing House, UK, vol. 4(2), pages 84-99, October.
    13. Sonika Redhu & Pragati Jain, 2024. "Unveiling the nexus between water scarcity and socioeconomic development in the water-scarce countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(8), pages 19557-19577, August.
    14. Marczak Mirosław, 2018. "Branding as an Essential Element of the of Destination Management Process Using the Example of Selected States," Management Sciences. Nauki o Zarządzaniu, Sciendo, vol. 23(2), pages 29-40, June.
    15. Mariani, Marcello M. & Giorgio, Luisa, 2017. "The “Pink Night” festival revisited: Meta-events and the role of destination partnerships in staging event tourism," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 89-109.
    16. Antoniadis, Konstantinos & Grougiou, Vasiliki & Zafiropoulos, Kostas & Vrana, Vasiliki & Theocharidis, Anastasios Ioannis, 2018. "The use of Facebook and Twitter by DMOs in Europe," MPRA Paper 98936, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Zubcevic, Nives & Luxton, Sandra, 2011. "A comparison of print advertisements from Australia and Croatia," Australasian marketing journal, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 131-136.
    18. Dongying Sun & Jiarong Gu & Junyu Chen & Xilin Xia & Zhisong Chen, 2022. "Spatiotemporal differentiation and influencing factors of urban water supply system resilience in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(1), pages 101-126, October.
    19. Dubois, Charline & Cawley, Mary & Schmitz, Serge, 2017. "The tourist on the farm: A ‘muddled’ image," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 298-311.
    20. Bulmer, Sandy & Buchanan-Oliver, Margo, 2010. "Experiences of brands and national identity," Australasian marketing journal, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 199-205.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:crepre:v:24:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1057_s41299-019-00088-8. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.