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Smellizing Cookies and Salivating: A Focus on Olfactory Imagery

Author

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  • Aradhna Krishna
  • Maureen Morrin
  • Eda Sayin

Abstract

The concept of olfactory imagery is introduced and the conditions under which imagining what a food smells like (referred to here as "smellizing" it) impacts consumer response are explored. Consumer response is measured by: salivation change (studies 1 and 2), actual food consumption (study 3), and self-reported desire to eat (study 4). The results show that imagined odors can enhance consumer response but only when the consumer creates a vivid visual mental representation of the odor referent (the object emitting the odor). The results demonstrate the interactive effects of olfactory and visual imagery in generating approach behaviors to food cues in advertisements.

Suggested Citation

  • Aradhna Krishna & Maureen Morrin & Eda Sayin, 2014. "Smellizing Cookies and Salivating: A Focus on Olfactory Imagery," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 41(1), pages 18-34.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:jconrs:doi:10.1086/674664
    DOI: 10.1086/674664
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    Cited by:

    1. Ryan S Elder & Ann E Schlosser & Morgan Poor & Lidan Xu & Darren DahlEditor & JoAndrea HoeggAssociate Editor, 2017. "So Close I Can Almost Sense It: The Interplay between Sensory Imagery and Psychological Distance," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 44(4), pages 877-894.
    2. Madzharov, Adriana V., 2019. "Self-Control and Touch: When Does Direct Versus Indirect Touch Increase Hedonic Evaluations and Consumption of Food," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 95(4), pages 170-185.
    3. Diana Gavilan & Maria Avello, 2020. "Brand-Evoked Mental Imagery: The Role of Brands in Eliciting Mental Imagery," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, November.
    4. Sharma, Varun & Estes, Zachary, 2024. "Seeing is smelling: Pictures improve product evaluations by evoking olfactory imagery," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 282-307.
    5. Adilson Borges & Felipe Pantoja & Patricia Rossi & Amanda Yamim, 2020. "If I Touch It, I will Like It! The Role of Tactile Inputs on Gustatory Perceptions of Food Items," Post-Print hal-02507986, HAL.
    6. Cowan, Kirsten & Ketron, Seth & Kostyk, Alena & Kristofferson, Kirk, 2023. "Can you smell the (virtual) roses? The influence of olfactory cues in virtual reality on immersion and positive brand responses," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 99(3), pages 385-399.
    7. Errajaa, Karim & Legohérel, Patrick & Daucé, Bruno, 2018. "Immersion and emotional reactions to the ambiance of a multiservice space: The role of perceived congruence between odor and brand image," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 100-108.
    8. Pantoja, Felipe & Borges, Adilson & Rossi, Patricia & Yamim, Amanda Pruski, 2020. "If I touch it, I will like it! The role of tactile inputs on gustatory perceptions of food items," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    9. Xinguo Zhang & Jiayu Guo & Xiaowan Zhang & Qixiang Zhang, 2023. "Physiological Effects of a Garden Plant Smellscape from the Perspective of Perceptual Interaction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-15, March.
    10. Kim, Minjeong & Kim, Jung-Hwan & Park, Minjung & Yoo, Jungmin, 2021. "The roles of sensory perceptions and mental imagery in consumer decision-making," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    11. Maier, Erik & Dost, Florian, 2018. "Fluent contextual image backgrounds enhance mental imagery and evaluations of experience products," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 207-220.
    12. Hamacher, Kevin & Blach, Maike & Kozlik, Jan & Muster, Felix & Nöllenburg, Pascal-Philipp & Ohletz, Jan-Henrik & Franken, Gereon & Hernes, Dominic & Hinterding, Martin & Höveler, Patrick & Huppertz, M, 2023. "Analyse sensorischer E-Commerce-Elemente mittels Big-Data-Methoden und Künstlicher Intelligenz: Automatisierung sensorischer Bewertungen von E-Commerce- und Social-Media-Plattformen auf Basis des Onli," ifid Schriftenreihe: Beiträge zu IT-Management & Digitalisierung, FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, ifid Institut für IT-Management & Digitalisierung, volume 2, number 2 edited by FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, ifid Institut für IT-Management & Digitalisierung, July.
    13. Nguyen Pham & Naomi Mandel & Andrea C. Morales, 2016. "Messages from the Food Police: How Food-Related Warnings Backfire among Dieters," Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, University of Chicago Press, vol. 1(1), pages 175-190.
    14. Boujena, Othman & Ulrich, Isabelle & Piris, Yolande & Chicheportiche, Laëtitia, 2021. "Using food pictorial metaphor in the advertising of non-food brands: An exploratory investigation of consumer interpretation and affective response," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    15. Moein Abdolmohamad Sagha & Nader Seyyedamiri & Pantea Foroudi & Morteza Akbari, 2022. "The One Thing You Need to Change Is Emotions: The Effect of Multi-Sensory Marketing on Consumer Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, February.
    16. Lyu, Minghui & Huang, Qi, 2024. "Visual elements in advertising enhance odor perception and purchase intention: The role of mental imagery in multi-sensory marketing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).

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