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Determinants of Schooling: Empirical Evidence from Rural Ethiopia

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  • Subha Mani
  • John Hoddinott
  • John Strauss

Abstract

We examine the determinants of current enrolment status and relative grade attainment among primary school children in rural Ethiopia. We use repeated cross-sectional data from 15 rural villages in Ethiopia to capture the impact of changing household and child characteristics on enrolment status and relative grade attainment between 1994 and 2004. Using instrument variable (IV) estimation, we find, first, a positive income effect for schooling enrolments and an even stronger effect for relative grade attainment. Second, the effect of income is larger for girls compared to boys. Third, OLS estimates of the impact of household income are biased downwards relative to IV results. Finally, observable community characteristics have little role in explaining schooling. These findings suggest that policies that address the demand-side constraints with a special focus on girls will have the potential to improve schooling attainments as well as to reduce gender differences in schooling attainments found in Ethiopia and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. Copyright 2013 , Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Subha Mani & John Hoddinott & John Strauss, 2013. "Determinants of Schooling: Empirical Evidence from Rural Ethiopia," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 22(5), pages 693-731, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:jafrec:v:22:y:2013:i:5:p:693-731
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/jae/ejt007
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    Cited by:

    1. Fadly, Dalia & Fontes, Francisco & Maertens, Miet, . "Biomass Cooking Fuel and Schooling Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 50(1).
    2. Urquía-Grande, Elena & Rubio-Alcocer, Antonio, 2015. "Agricultural infrastructure donation performance: Empirical evidence in rural Ethiopia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 245-254.
    3. Musa Hasen Ahmed, 2024. "University expansion and female adolescents’ educational attainment in Ethiopia," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 67(2), pages 417-448, August.
    4. Sangita Das, 2023. "Inequality in Educational Attainment: Urban-Rural Comparison in the Indian Context," Papers 2307.16238, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2024.
    5. Fredrick M. Wamalwa & Justine Burns, 2017. "Gender and birth order effects on intra-household schooling choices and education attainments in Kenya," Working Papers 708, Economic Research Southern Africa.
    6. Phal Chea, 2019. "A Review of Data Used in Education Research: Focus on Empirical Studies in Developing Countries," Discussion Paper Series DP2019-27, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    7. Boonaert, Eva & Hoyweghen, Kaat Van & Feyisa, Ashenafi Duguma & Goos, Peter & Maertens, Miet, 2021. "Twofold Gendered Preferences in the Quantity-Quality Trade-Off Impact the Demographic Transition in Ethiopia," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315224, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. Dendir, Seife, 2014. "Children's cognitive ability, schooling and work: Evidence from Ethiopia," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 22-36.
    9. de Brauw, Alan & Gilligan, Daniel O. & Hoddinott, John & Roy, Shalini, 2015. "The Impact of Bolsa Família on Schooling," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 303-316.
    10. Wamalwa, Fredrick M. & Burns, Justine, 2018. "Private schools and student learning achievements in Kenya," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 114-124.
    11. Arlette Simo-Fotso, 2016. "Human Capital Accumulation of Disabled Children:Does Disability Really Matter?," Working Papers 222, Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED).
    12. John Hoddinott & Tseday J. Mekasha, 2020. "Social Protection, Household Size, and Its Determinants: Evidence from Ethiopia," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(10), pages 1818-1837, October.
    13. God'stime Osekhebhen Eigbiremolen, 2017. "Determinants of Learning among Primary School Children in Ethiopia: Analysis of Round 2 and 3 of Young Lives Data," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 29(2), pages 237-248, June.
    14. De Noni, Ivan & Orsi, Luigi & Corsi, Stefano, 2017. "The Collective Action as Potential Driver of Bottom-up Reconfiguration from Captive to Relational Value Chain. The Case Study of the Northern District in Sierra Leone," International Journal on Food System Dynamics, International Center for Management, Communication, and Research, vol. 8(4), October.
    15. Basu, Arnab K. & Dimova, Ralitza, 2021. "Household Preferences and Child Labor in Rural Ethiopia," IZA Discussion Papers 14062, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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