Die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migranten und Migrantinnen in Deutschland. Ein Überblick nach Herkunftsländern und Generationen

In recent years, Germany has become a country attracting a large number of immigrants.. At present, public attention is mainly focused on new immigrants. The vast majority of migrants, however, has been living here for more than 10 years or belongs to the second generation. Therefore, the aim of this article is to complement the current debate by providing a detailed overview of labour market integration according to country of origin and generation, and seeking to identify the most disadvantaged groups of migrants. German census data from the year 2012 confirm, in general, that first and second generation immigrants have poorer job prospects than women and men without an immigrant background. Analyses account for levels of education, period of immigration, age and other relevant characteristics and reveal that disadvantages are most apparent for migrants of Turkish origin and migrants from other non-EU countries: This is especially true in terms of unemployment, occupational status and precarious employment. These disadvantages are less pronounced for migrants from within the EU, but nevertheless substantial for immigrants from the eastern European countries. Only immigrants from western and northern Europe are neither more nor less affected by unemployment than people without an immigrant background, achieve equivalent positions in the labour market and are as likely to have atypical jobs.