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Cumulative polarization in conductive interfacial ferroelectrics

Author

Listed:
  • Swarup Deb

    (Tel Aviv University)

  • Wei Cao

    (Tel Aviv University)

  • Noam Raab

    (Tel Aviv University)

  • Kenji Watanabe

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • Takashi Taniguchi

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • Moshe Goldstein

    (Tel Aviv University)

  • Leeor Kronik

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Michael Urbakh

    (Tel Aviv University)

  • Oded Hod

    (Tel Aviv University)

  • Moshe Ben Shalom

    (Tel Aviv University)

Abstract

Ferroelectricity in atomically thin bilayer structures has been recently predicted1 and measured2–4 in two-dimensional materials with hexagonal non-centrosymmetric unit-cells. The crystal symmetry translates lateral shifts between parallel two-dimensional layers to sign changes in their out-of-plane electric polarization, a mechanism termed ‘slide-tronics’4. These observations have been restricted to switching between only two polarization states under low charge carrier densities5–12, limiting the practical application of the revealed phenomena13. To overcome these issues, one should explore the nature of polarization in multi-layered van der Waals stacks, how it is governed by intra- and interlayer charge redistribution and to what extent it survives the addition of mobile charge carriers14. To explore these questions, we conduct surface potential measurements of parallel WSe2 and MoS2 multi-layers with aligned and anti-aligned configurations of the polar interfaces. We find evenly spaced, nearly decoupled potential steps, indicating highly confined interfacial electric fields that provide a means to design multi-state ‘ladder-ferroelectrics’. Furthermore, we find that the internal polarization remains notable on electrostatic doping of mobile charge carrier densities as high as 1013 cm−2, with substantial in-plane conductivity. Using density functional theory calculations, we trace the extra charge redistribution in real and momentum spaces and identify an eventual doping-induced depolarization mechanism.

Suggested Citation

  • Swarup Deb & Wei Cao & Noam Raab & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Moshe Goldstein & Leeor Kronik & Michael Urbakh & Oded Hod & Moshe Ben Shalom, 2022. "Cumulative polarization in conductive interfacial ferroelectrics," Nature, Nature, vol. 612(7940), pages 465-469, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:612:y:2022:i:7940:d:10.1038_s41586-022-05341-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05341-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Georgy A. Ermolaev & Kirill V. Voronin & Adilet N. Toksumakov & Dmitriy V. Grudinin & Ilia M. Fradkin & Arslan Mazitov & Aleksandr S. Slavich & Mikhail K. Tatmyshevskiy & Dmitry I. Yakubovsky & Valent, 2024. "Wandering principal optical axes in van der Waals triclinic materials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Dongyang Yang & Jing Liang & Jingda Wu & Yunhuan Xiao & Jerry I. Dadap & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Ziliang Ye, 2024. "Non-volatile electrical polarization switching via domain wall release in 3R-MoS2 bilayer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Yihao Wang & Zhihao Li & Xuan Luo & Jingjing Gao & Yuyan Han & Jialiang Jiang & Jin Tang & Huanxin Ju & Tongrui Li & Run Lv & Shengtao Cui & Yingguo Yang & Yuping Sun & Junfa Zhu & Xingyu Gao & Wenjia, 2024. "Dualistic insulator states in 1T-TaS2 crystals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Avior Almoalem & Irena Feldman & Ilay Mangel & Michael Shlafman & Yuval E. Yaish & Mark H. Fischer & Michael Moshe & Jonathan Ruhman & Amit Kanigel, 2024. "The observation of π-shifts in the Little-Parks effect in 4Hb-TaS2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    5. Luying Song & Ying Zhao & Bingqian Xu & Ruofan Du & Hui Li & Wang Feng & Junbo Yang & Xiaohui Li & Zijia Liu & Xia Wen & Yanan Peng & Yuzhu Wang & Hang Sun & Ling Huang & Yulin Jiang & Yao Cai & Xue J, 2024. "Robust multiferroic in interfacial modulation synthesized wafer-scale one-unit-cell of chromium sulfide," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    6. Yue Niu & Lei Li & Zhiying Qi & Hein Htet Aung & Xinyi Han & Reshef Tenne & Yugui Yao & Alla Zak & Yao Guo, 2023. "0D van der Waals interfacial ferroelectricity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    7. Ming Lv & Jiulong Wang & Ming Tian & Neng Wan & Wenyi Tong & Chungang Duan & Jiamin Xue, 2024. "Multiresistance states in ferro- and antiferroelectric trilayer boron nitride," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    8. Peng Meng & Yaze Wu & Renji Bian & Er Pan & Biao Dong & Xiaoxu Zhao & Jiangang Chen & Lishu Wu & Yuqi Sun & Qundong Fu & Qing Liu & Dong Shi & Qi Zhang & Yong-Wei Zhang & Zheng Liu & Fucai Liu, 2022. "Sliding induced multiple polarization states in two-dimensional ferroelectrics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Yunze Gao & Astrid Weston & Vladimir Enaldiev & Xiao Li & Wendong Wang & James E. Nunn & Isaac Soltero & Eli G. Castanon & Amy Carl & Hugo Latour & Alex Summerfield & Matthew Hamer & James Howarth & N, 2024. "Tunnel junctions based on interfacial two dimensional ferroelectrics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    10. Shuai Zhang & Yang Liu & Zhiyuan Sun & Xinzhong Chen & Baichang Li & S. L. Moore & Song Liu & Zhiying Wang & S. E. Rossi & Ran Jing & Jordan Fonseca & Birui Yang & Yinming Shao & Chun-Ying Huang & Tak, 2023. "Visualizing moiré ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe2 structures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    11. Swarup Deb & Johannes Krause & Paulo E. Faria Junior & Michael Andreas Kempf & Rico Schwartz & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Jaroslav Fabian & Tobias Korn, 2024. "Excitonic signatures of ferroelectric order in parallel-stacked MoS2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    12. Fengrui Sui & Haoyang Li & Ruijuan Qi & Min Jin & Zhiwei Lv & Menghao Wu & Xuechao Liu & Yufan Zheng & Beituo Liu & Rui Ge & Yu-Ning Wu & Rong Huang & Fangyu Yue & Junhao Chu & Chungang Duan, 2024. "Atomic-level polarization reversal in sliding ferroelectric semiconductors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.

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