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Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation

Author

Listed:
  • Andrew J. Daley

    (University of Strathclyde)

  • Immanuel Bloch

    (Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics
    Ludwig Maximilians University
    Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology)

  • Christian Kokail

    (Universität Innsbruck
    Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences)

  • Stuart Flannigan

    (University of Strathclyde)

  • Natalie Pearson

    (University of Strathclyde)

  • Matthias Troyer

    (Microsoft Corporation)

  • Peter Zoller

    (Universität Innsbruck
    Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

The development of quantum computing across several technologies and platforms has reached the point of having an advantage over classical computers for an artificial problem, a point known as ‘quantum advantage’. As a next step along the development of this technology, it is now important to discuss ‘practical quantum advantage’, the point at which quantum devices will solve problems of practical interest that are not tractable for traditional supercomputers. Many of the most promising short-term applications of quantum computers fall under the umbrella of quantum simulation: modelling the quantum properties of microscopic particles that are directly relevant to modern materials science, high-energy physics and quantum chemistry. This would impact several important real-world applications, such as developing materials for batteries, industrial catalysis or nitrogen fixing. Much as aerodynamics can be studied either through simulations on a digital computer or in a wind tunnel, quantum simulation can be performed not only on future fault-tolerant digital quantum computers but also already today through special-purpose analogue quantum simulators. Here we overview the state of the art and future perspectives for quantum simulation, arguing that a first practical quantum advantage already exists in the case of specialized applications of analogue devices, and that fully digital devices open a full range of applications but require further development of fault-tolerant hardware. Hybrid digital–analogue devices that exist today already promise substantial flexibility in near-term applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew J. Daley & Immanuel Bloch & Christian Kokail & Stuart Flannigan & Natalie Pearson & Matthias Troyer & Peter Zoller, 2022. "Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation," Nature, Nature, vol. 607(7920), pages 667-676, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:607:y:2022:i:7920:d:10.1038_s41586-022-04940-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04940-6
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Jaka Vodeb & Michele Diego & Yevhenii Vaskivskyi & Leonard Logaric & Yaroslav Gerasimenko & Viktor Kabanov & Benjamin Lipovsek & Marko Topic & Dragan Mihailovic, 2024. "Non-equilibrium quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in a two-dimensional electronic crystal and a quantum annealer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Zenghui Bao & Yan Li & Zhiling Wang & Jiahui Wang & Jize Yang & Haonan Xiong & Yipu Song & Yukai Wu & Hongyi Zhang & Luming Duan, 2024. "A cryogenic on-chip microwave pulse generator for large-scale superconducting quantum computing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Alen Senanian & Sridhar Prabhu & Vladimir Kremenetski & Saswata Roy & Yingkang Cao & Jeremy Kline & Tatsuhiro Onodera & Logan G. Wright & Xiaodi Wu & Valla Fatemi & Peter L. McMahon, 2024. "Microwave signal processing using an analog quantum reservoir computer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Jamal H. Busnaina & Zheng Shi & Alexander McDonald & Dmytro Dubyna & Ibrahim Nsanzineza & Jimmy S. C. Hung & C. W. Sandbo Chang & Aashish A. Clerk & Christopher M. Wilson, 2024. "Quantum simulation of the bosonic Kitaev chain," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Sofia Priazhkina & Samuel Palmer & Pablo Martín-Ramiro & Román Orús & Samuel Mugel & Vladimir Skavysh, 2024. "Digital Payments in Firm Networks: Theory of Adoption and Quantum Algorithm," Staff Working Papers 24-17, Bank of Canada.
    6. Evgeny Kozik, 2024. "Combinatorial summation of Feynman diagrams," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    7. Grigory E. Astrakharchik & Luis A. Peña Ardila & Krzysztof Jachymski & Antonio Negretti, 2023. "Many-body bound states and induced interactions of charged impurities in a bosonic bath," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    8. Yun-Hao Shi & Run-Qiu Yang & Zhongcheng Xiang & Zi-Yong Ge & Hao Li & Yong-Yi Wang & Kaixuan Huang & Ye Tian & Xiaohui Song & Dongning Zheng & Kai Xu & Rong-Gen Cai & Heng Fan, 2023. "Quantum simulation of Hawking radiation and curved spacetime with a superconducting on-chip black hole," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.

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