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Quantum simulation of Hawking radiation and curved spacetime with a superconducting on-chip black hole

Author

Listed:
  • Yun-Hao Shi

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Run-Qiu Yang

    (Tianjin University)

  • Zhongcheng Xiang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Zi-Yong Ge

    (RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research)

  • Hao Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Northwest University)

  • Yong-Yi Wang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Kaixuan Huang

    (Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences)

  • Ye Tian

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Xiaohui Song

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Dongning Zheng

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory)

  • Kai Xu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory)

  • Rong-Gen Cai

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Heng Fan

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory)

Abstract

Hawking radiation is one of the quantum features of a black hole that can be understood as a quantum tunneling across the event horizon of the black hole, but it is quite difficult to directly observe the Hawking radiation of an astrophysical black hole. Here, we report a fermionic lattice-model-type realization of an analogue black hole by using a chain of 10 superconducting transmon qubits with interactions mediated by 9 transmon-type tunable couplers. The quantum walks of quasi-particle in the curved spacetime reflect the gravitational effect near the black hole, resulting in the behaviour of stimulated Hawking radiation, which is verified by the state tomography measurement of all 7 qubits outside the horizon. In addition, the dynamics of entanglement in the curved spacetime is directly measured. Our results would stimulate more interests to explore the related features of black holes using the programmable superconducting processor with tunable couplers.

Suggested Citation

  • Yun-Hao Shi & Run-Qiu Yang & Zhongcheng Xiang & Zi-Yong Ge & Hao Li & Yong-Yi Wang & Kaixuan Huang & Ye Tian & Xiaohui Song & Dongning Zheng & Kai Xu & Rong-Gen Cai & Heng Fan, 2023. "Quantum simulation of Hawking radiation and curved spacetime with a superconducting on-chip black hole," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-39064-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39064-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Juan Ramón Muñoz de Nova & Katrine Golubkov & Victor I. Kolobov & Jeff Steinhauer, 2019. "Observation of thermal Hawking radiation and its temperature in an analogue black hole," Nature, Nature, vol. 569(7758), pages 688-691, May.
    2. Andrew J. Daley & Immanuel Bloch & Christian Kokail & Stuart Flannigan & Natalie Pearson & Matthias Troyer & Peter Zoller, 2022. "Practical quantum advantage in quantum simulation," Nature, Nature, vol. 607(7920), pages 667-676, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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