IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/nature/v565y2019i7737d10.1038_s41586-018-0770-2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Scalable energy-efficient magnetoelectric spin–orbit logic

Author

Listed:
  • Sasikanth Manipatruni

    (Components Research, Intel Corporation)

  • Dmitri E. Nikonov

    (Components Research, Intel Corporation)

  • Chia-Ching Lin

    (Components Research, Intel Corporation)

  • Tanay A. Gosavi

    (Components Research, Intel Corporation)

  • Huichu Liu

    (Intel Labs, Intel Corp.)

  • Bhagwati Prasad

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Yen-Lin Huang

    (University of California, Berkeley
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Everton Bonturim

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Ramamoorthy Ramesh

    (University of California, Berkeley
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    University of California, Berkeley)

  • Ian A. Young

    (Components Research, Intel Corporation)

Abstract

Since the early 1980s, most electronics have relied on the use of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. However, the principles of CMOS operation, involving a switchable semiconductor conductance controlled by an insulating gate, have remained largely unchanged, even as transistors are miniaturized to sizes of 10 nanometres. We investigated what dimensionally scalable logic technology beyond CMOS could provide improvements in efficiency and performance for von Neumann architectures and enable growth in emerging computing such as artifical intelligence. Such a computing technology needs to allow progressive miniaturization, reduce switching energy, improve device interconnection and provide a complete logic and memory family. Here we propose a scalable spintronic logic device that operates via spin–orbit transduction (the coupling of an electron’s angular momentum with its linear momentum) combined with magnetoelectric switching. The device uses advanced quantum materials, especially correlated oxides and topological states of matter, for collective switching and detection. We describe progress in magnetoelectric switching and spin–orbit detection of state, and show that in comparison with CMOS technology our device has superior switching energy (by a factor of 10 to 30), lower switching voltage (by a factor of 5) and enhanced logic density (by a factor of 5). In addition, its non-volatility enables ultralow standby power, which is critical to modern computing. The properties of our device indicate that the proposed technology could enable the development of multi-generational computing.

Suggested Citation

  • Sasikanth Manipatruni & Dmitri E. Nikonov & Chia-Ching Lin & Tanay A. Gosavi & Huichu Liu & Bhagwati Prasad & Yen-Lin Huang & Everton Bonturim & Ramamoorthy Ramesh & Ian A. Young, 2019. "Scalable energy-efficient magnetoelectric spin–orbit logic," Nature, Nature, vol. 565(7737), pages 35-42, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:565:y:2019:i:7737:d:10.1038_s41586-018-0770-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0770-2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0770-2
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41586-018-0770-2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sajid Husain & Isaac Harris & Guanhui Gao & Xinyan Li & Peter Meisenheimer & Chuqiao Shi & Pravin Kavle & Chi Hun Choi & Tae Yeon Kim & Deokyoung Kang & Piush Behera & Didier Perrodin & Hua Guo & Jame, 2024. "Low-temperature grapho-epitaxial La-substituted BiFeO3 on metallic perovskite," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Min-Gu Kang & Jong-Guk Choi & Jimin Jeong & Jae Yeol Park & Hyeon-Jong Park & Taehwan Kim & Taekhyeon Lee & Kab-Jin Kim & Kyoung-Whan Kim & Jung Hyun Oh & Duc Duong Viet & Jong-Ryul Jeong & Jong Min Y, 2021. "Electric-field control of field-free spin-orbit torque switching via laterally modulated Rashba effect in Pt/Co/AlOx structures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Qiang Li & Tian Miao & Huimin Zhang & Weiyan Lin & Wenhao He & Yang Zhong & Lifen Xiang & Lina Deng & Biying Ye & Qian Shi & Yinyan Zhu & Hangwen Guo & Wenbin Wang & Changlin Zheng & Lifeng Yin & Xiao, 2022. "Electronically phase separated nano-network in antiferromagnetic insulating LaMnO3/PrMnO3/CaMnO3 tricolor superlattice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    4. Sajid Husain & Isaac Harris & Peter Meisenheimer & Sukriti Mantri & Xinyan Li & Maya Ramesh & Piush Behera & Hossein Taghinejad & Jaegyu Kim & Pravin Kavle & Shiyu Zhou & Tae Yeon Kim & Hongrui Zhang , 2024. "Non-volatile magnon transport in a single domain multiferroic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Jonghyeon Choi & Jungmin Park & Seunghyeon Noh & Jaebyeong Lee & Seunghyun Lee & Daeseong Choe & Hyeonjung Jung & Junhyeon Jo & Inseon Oh & Juwon Han & Soon-Yong Kwon & Chang Won Ahn & Byoung-Chul Min, 2024. "Non-volatile Fermi level tuning for the control of spin-charge conversion at room temperature," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    6. Xianghan Xu & Yiqing Hao & Shiyu Peng & Qiang Zhang & Danrui Ni & Chen Yang & Xi Dai & Huibo Cao & R. J. Cava, 2023. "Large off-diagonal magnetoelectricity in a triangular Co2+-based collinear antiferromagnet," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Freddie Hendriks & Rafael R. Rojas-Lopez & Bert Koopmans & Marcos H. D. Guimarães, 2024. "Electric control of optically-induced magnetization dynamics in a van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    8. Peter Meisenheimer & Guy Moore & Shiyu Zhou & Hongrui Zhang & Xiaoxi Huang & Sajid Husain & Xianzhe Chen & Lane W. Martin & Kristin A. Persson & Sinéad Griffin & Lucas Caretta & Paul Stevenson & Ramam, 2024. "Switching the spin cycloid in BiFeO3 with an electric field," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    9. Jaeun Eom & In Hak Lee & Jung Yun Kee & Minhyun Cho & Jeongdae Seo & Hoyoung Suh & Hyung-Jin Choi & Yumin Sim & Shuzhang Chen & Hye Jung Chang & Seung-Hyub Baek & Cedomir Petrovic & Hyejin Ryu & Chaun, 2023. "Voltage control of magnetism in Fe3-xGeTe2/In2Se3 van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    10. Ellen Fogh & Bastian Klemke & Manfred Reehuis & Philippe Bourges & Christof Niedermayer & Sonja Holm-Dahlin & Oksana Zaharko & Jürg Schefer & Andreas B. Kristensen & Michael K. Sørensen & Sebastian Pa, 2023. "Tuning magnetoelectricity in a mixed-anisotropy antiferromagnet," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    11. Piyush Agarwal & Lisen Huang & Sze Lim & Ranjan Singh, 2022. "Electric-field control of nonlinear THz spintronic emitters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    12. Qiwu Shi & Eric Parsonnet & Xiaoxing Cheng & Natalya Fedorova & Ren-Ci Peng & Abel Fernandez & Alexander Qualls & Xiaoxi Huang & Xue Chang & Hongrui Zhang & David Pesquera & Sujit Das & Dmitri Nikonov, 2022. "The role of lattice dynamics in ferroelectric switching," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:565:y:2019:i:7737:d:10.1038_s41586-018-0770-2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.