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Non-Hermitian Dirac cones with valley-dependent lifetimes

Author

Listed:
  • Xinrong Xie

    (Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University)

  • Fei Ma

    (Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University)

  • W. B. Rui

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Zhaozhen Dong

    (Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University)

  • Yulin Du

    (Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University)

  • Wentao Xie

    (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

  • Y. X. Zhao

    (The University of Hong Kong
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Hongsheng Chen

    (Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University)

  • Fei Gao

    (Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University
    Zhejiang University)

  • Haoran Xue

    (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Abstract

Relativistic quasiparticles emerging from band degeneracies in crystals play crucial roles in the transport and topological properties of materials and metamaterials. Quasiparticles are commonly described by Hermitian Hamiltonians, with non-Hermiticity usually considered detrimental. In this work, we show that such an assumption of Hermiticity can be lifted to bring quasiparticles into non-Hermitian regime. We propose a concrete lattice model containing two Dirac cones with valley-dependent lifetimes. The lifetime contrast enables an ultra-strong valley selection rule: only one valley can survive in the long-time limit regardless of the excitation, lattice shape and other details. This property leads to an effective parity anomaly with a single Dirac cone and offers a simple way to generate vortex states. Additionally, extending non-Hermitian features to boundaries generates valley kink states with valley-locked lifetimes, making them effectively unidirectional and more resistant against inter-valley scattering. All these phenomena are experimentally demonstrated in a non-Hermitian electric circuit lattice.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinrong Xie & Fei Ma & W. B. Rui & Zhaozhen Dong & Yulin Du & Wentao Xie & Y. X. Zhao & Hongsheng Chen & Fei Gao & Haoran Xue, 2025. "Non-Hermitian Dirac cones with valley-dependent lifetimes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-8, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-56882-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56882-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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