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Spatial and temporal transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in New Zealand before and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Lauren Jelley

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research
    University of Otago)

  • Jordan Douglas

    (University of Auckland
    University of Auckland)

  • Meaghan O’Neill

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Klarysse Berquist

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Ana Claasen

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Jing Wang

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Srushti Utekar

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Helen Johnston

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Judy Bocacao

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Margot Allais

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Joep Ligt

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Chor Ee Tan

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Ruth Seeds

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Tim Wood

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Nayyereh Aminisani

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Tineke Jennings

    (Coast and Hutt Valley)

  • David Welch

    (University of Auckland
    University of Auckland)

  • Nikki Turner

    (University of Auckland)

  • Peter McIntyre

    (University of Otago)

  • Tony Dowell

    (University of Otago)

  • Adrian Trenholme

    (Te Whatu Ora—Health New Zealand Counties Manukau)

  • Cass Byrnes

    (Te Whatu Ora—Health New Zealand Counties Manukau)

  • Paul Thomas

    (St Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Richard Webby

    (St Jude Children’s Research Hospital)

  • Nigel French

    (Massey University)

  • Q. Sue Huang

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • David Winter

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

  • Jemma L. Geoghegan

    (Institute of Environmental Science and Research)

Abstract

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory infection. In 2020, RSV was eliminated from New Zealand due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) used to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, in 2021, following a brief quarantine-free travel agreement with Australia, there was a large-scale nationwide outbreak of RSV that led to reported cases more than five-times higher than typical seasonal patterns. We generated 1470 viral genomes of both RSV-A and RSV-B sampled between 2015–2022 from across New Zealand. Using a phylodynamics approach, we used these data to better understand RSV transmission patterns in New Zealand prior to 2020, and how RSV became re-established in the community following the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions. We found that in 2021, there was a large epidemic of RSV due to an increase in importations, leading to several large genomic clusters of both RSV-A ON1 and RSV-B BA9 genotypes. However, while a number of viral importations were detected, there was also a major reduction in RSV genetic diversity compared to pre-pandemic years. These data reveal the impact of NPI used during the COVID-19 pandemic on other respiratory infections and highlight the important insights that can be gained from viral genomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Lauren Jelley & Jordan Douglas & Meaghan O’Neill & Klarysse Berquist & Ana Claasen & Jing Wang & Srushti Utekar & Helen Johnston & Judy Bocacao & Margot Allais & Joep Ligt & Chor Ee Tan & Ruth Seeds &, 2024. "Spatial and temporal transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in New Zealand before and after the COVID-19 pandemic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-53998-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53998-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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