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Deviations in RSV epidemiological patterns and population structures in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Estefany Rios-Guzman

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health)

  • Lacy M. Simons

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health)

  • Taylor J. Dean

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health)

  • Francesca Agnes

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health)

  • Anna Pawlowski

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

  • Arghavan Alisoltanidehkordi

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health)

  • Hannah H. Nam

    (University of California – Irvine)

  • Michael G. Ison

    (National Institute of Health)

  • Egon A. Ozer

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health)

  • Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health)

  • Judd F. Hultquist

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health)

Abstract

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with the greatest impact on infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults. RSV prevalence decreased substantially in the United States (US) following the implementation of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions but later rebounded with abnormal seasonality. The biological and epidemiological factors underlying this altered behavior remain poorly defined. In this retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2023 in Chicago, Illinois, US, we examined RSV epidemiology, clinical severity, and genetic diversity. We found that changes in RSV diagnostic platforms drove increased detections in outpatient settings post-2020 and that hospitalized adults infected with RSV-A were at higher risk of intensive care admission than those with RSV-B. While population structures of RSV-A remained unchanged, RSV-B exhibited a genetic shift into geographically distinct clusters. Mutations in the antigenic regions of the fusion protein suggest convergent evolution with potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.

Suggested Citation

  • Estefany Rios-Guzman & Lacy M. Simons & Taylor J. Dean & Francesca Agnes & Anna Pawlowski & Arghavan Alisoltanidehkordi & Hannah H. Nam & Michael G. Ison & Egon A. Ozer & Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo & Judd , 2024. "Deviations in RSV epidemiological patterns and population structures in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-47757-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47757-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bahar Ahani & Kevin M. Tuffy & Anastasia A. Aksyuk & Deidre Wilkins & Michael E. Abram & Ron Dagan & Joseph B. Domachowske & Johnathan D. Guest & Hong Ji & Anna Kushnir & Amanda Leach & Shabir A. Madh, 2023. "Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of RSV infections in infants during two nirsevimab randomized clinical trials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. John-Sebastian Eden & Chisha Sikazwe & Ruopeng Xie & Yi-Mo Deng & Sheena G. Sullivan & Alice Michie & Avram Levy & Elena Cutmore & Christopher C. Blyth & Philip N. Britton & Nigel Crawford & Xiaomin D, 2022. "Off-season RSV epidemics in Australia after easing of COVID-19 restrictions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
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