Holographic multiplexing metasurface with twisted diffractive neural network

As the cornerstone of AI generated content, data drives human-machine interaction and is essential for developing sophisticated deep learning agents. Nevertheless, the associated data storage poses a formidable challenge from conventional energy-intensive planar storage, high maintenance cost, and the susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. In this work, we introduce the concept of metasurface disk, meta-disk, to expand the capacity limits of optical holographic storage by leveraging uncorrelated structural twist. We develop a physical twisted neural network to describe the optical behavior of the meta-disk and conduct a comprehensive lateral error analysis, where the meta-disk stores large volumes of information through internal structural multiplexing. Two-layer 640 µm x 640 µm meta-disk is sufficient to store over hundreds of high-fidelity images with SSIM of 0.8. By harnessing advanced three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, optical holographic storage is experimentally demonstrated with Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces. Our technology provides essential backing for the next generation of optical storage, display, encryption, and multifunctional optical analog computing.