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Measuring the dynamic balance of integration and segregation underlying consciousness, anesthesia, and sleep in humans

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Listed:
  • Hyunwoo Jang

    (University of Michigan
    University of Michigan Medical School)

  • George A. Mashour

    (University of Michigan
    University of Michigan Medical School
    University of Michigan Medical School
    University of Michigan Medical School)

  • Anthony G. Hudetz

    (University of Michigan
    University of Michigan Medical School
    University of Michigan Medical School
    University of Michigan Medical School)

  • Zirui Huang

    (University of Michigan
    University of Michigan Medical School
    University of Michigan Medical School
    University of Michigan Medical School)

Abstract

Consciousness requires a dynamic balance of integration and segregation in brain networks. We report an fMRI-based metric, the integration-segregation difference (ISD), which captures two key network properties: network efficiency (integration) and clustering (segregation). With this metric, we quantify brain state transitions from conscious wakefulness to unresponsiveness induced by the anesthetic propofol. The observed changes in ISD suggest a profound shift towards the segregation of brain networks during anesthesia. A common unimodal-transmodal sequence of disintegration and reintegration occurs in brain networks during, respectively, loss and return of responsiveness. Machine learning models using integration and segregation data accurately identify awake vs. unresponsive states and their transitions. Metastability (dynamic recurrence of non-equilibrium transient states) is more effectively explained by integration, while complexity (diversity of neural activity) is more closely linked with segregation. A parallel analysis of sleep states produces similar findings. Our results demonstrate that the ISD reliably indexes states of consciousness.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyunwoo Jang & George A. Mashour & Anthony G. Hudetz & Zirui Huang, 2024. "Measuring the dynamic balance of integration and segregation underlying consciousness, anesthesia, and sleep in humans," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-53299-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53299-x
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