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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Aijing Feng

    (University of Missouri
    University of Missouri
    University of Missouri)

  • Sarah Bevins

    (USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program)

  • Jeff Chandler

    (US Department of Agriculture)

  • Thomas J. DeLiberto

    (USDA APHIS Wildlife Services)

  • Ria Ghai

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Kristina Lantz

    (United States Department of Agriculture)

  • Julianna Lenoch

    (USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Disease Program)

  • Adam Retchless

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Susan Shriner

    (US Department of Agriculture)

  • Cynthia Y. Tang

    (University of Missouri
    University of Missouri
    University of Missouri)

  • Suxiang Sue Tong

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Mia Torchetti

    (United States Department of Agriculture)

  • Anna Uehara

    (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Xiu-Feng Wan

    (University of Missouri
    University of Missouri
    University of Missouri
    University of Missouri)

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) poses a unique public health risk due to the potential for reservoir establishment where variants may persist and evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples from free-ranging white-tailed deer across Washington, D.C. and 26 states in the United States between November 2021 and April 2022. We obtained 391 sequences and identified 34 Pango lineages including the Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these white-tailed deer viruses originated from at least 109 independent spillovers from humans, which resulted in 39 cases of subsequent local deer-to-deer transmission and three cases of potential spillover from white-tailed deer back to humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted to white-tailed deer with recurring amino acid substitutions across spike and other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages were introduced, became enzootic, and co-circulated in white-tailed deer.

Suggested Citation

  • Aijing Feng & Sarah Bevins & Jeff Chandler & Thomas J. DeLiberto & Ria Ghai & Kristina Lantz & Julianna Lenoch & Adam Retchless & Susan Shriner & Cynthia Y. Tang & Suxiang Sue Tong & Mia Torchetti & A, 2023. "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-39782-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39782-x
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    1. Michael H. J. Rhodin & Archie C. Reyes & Anand Balakrishnan & Nalini Bisht & Nicole M. Kelly & Joyce Sweeney Gibbons & Jonathan Lloyd & Michael Vaine & Tessa Cressey & Miranda Crepeau & Ruichao Shen &, 2024. "The small molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro EDP-235 prevents viral replication and transmission in vivo," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Jonathan D. Cook & Elias Rosenblatt & Graziella V. Direnzo & Evan H. Campbell Grant & Brittany A. Mosher & Fernando Arce & Sonja A. Christensen & Ria R. Ghai & Michael C. Runge, 2024. "One Health collaboration is more effective than single-sector actions at mitigating SARS-CoV-2 in deer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Amanda R. Goldberg & Kate E. Langwig & Katherine L. Brown & Jeffrey M. Marano & Pallavi Rai & Kelsie M. King & Amanda K. Sharp & Alessandro Ceci & Christopher D. Kailing & Macy J. Kailing & Russell Br, 2024. "Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

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