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Adaptation, spread and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed minks and associated humans in the Netherlands

Author

Listed:
  • Lu Lu

    (University of Edinburgh)

  • Reina S. Sikkema

    (WHO Collaborating Centre)

  • Francisca C. Velkers

    (Utrecht University)

  • David F. Nieuwenhuijse

    (WHO Collaborating Centre)

  • Egil A. J. Fischer

    (Utrecht University)

  • Paola A. Meijer

    (Utrecht University)

  • Noortje Bouwmeester-Vincken

    (Municipal Health Service GGD Limburg-Noord)

  • Ariene Rietveld

    (Municipal Health Service GGD Hart voor Brabant)

  • Marjolijn C. A. Wegdam-Blans

    (Stichting PAMM)

  • Paulien Tolsma

    (Municipal Health Service GGD Brabant-Zuidoost)

  • Marco Koppelman

    (Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation)

  • Lidwien A. M. Smit

    (Utrecht University)

  • Renate W. Hakze-van der Honing

    (Wageningen Bioveterinary Research)

  • Wim H. M. van der Poel

    (Wageningen Bioveterinary Research)

  • Arco N. van der Spek

    (Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA))

  • Marcel A. H. Spierenburg

    (Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA))

  • Robert Jan Molenaar

    (GD Animal Health)

  • Jan de Rond

    (GD Animal Health)

  • Marieke Augustijn

    (GD Animal Health)

  • Mark Woolhouse

    (University of Edinburgh)

  • J. Arjan Stegeman

    (Utrecht University)

  • Samantha Lycett

    (University of Edinburgh)

  • Bas B. Oude Munnink

    (WHO Collaborating Centre)

  • Marion P. G. Koopmans

    (WHO Collaborating Centre)

Abstract

In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020), SARS-CoV-2 was detected in farmed minks and genomic sequencing was performed on mink farms and farm personnel. Here, we describe the outbreak and use sequence data with Bayesian phylodynamic methods to explore SARS-CoV-2 transmission in minks and humans on farms. High number of farm infections (68/126) in minks and farm workers (>50% of farms) were detected, with limited community spread. Three of five initial introductions of SARS-CoV-2 led to subsequent spread between mink farms until November 2020. Viruses belonging to the largest cluster acquired an amino acid substitution in the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein (position 486), evolved faster and spread longer and more widely. Movement of people and distance between farms were statistically significant predictors of virus dispersal between farms. Our study provides novel insights into SARS-CoV-2 transmission between mink farms and highlights the importance of combining genetic information with epidemiological information when investigating outbreaks at the animal-human interface.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu Lu & Reina S. Sikkema & Francisca C. Velkers & David F. Nieuwenhuijse & Egil A. J. Fischer & Paola A. Meijer & Noortje Bouwmeester-Vincken & Ariene Rietveld & Marjolijn C. A. Wegdam-Blans & Paulien, 2021. "Adaptation, spread and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed minks and associated humans in the Netherlands," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-27096-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27096-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jun Lan & Jiwan Ge & Jinfang Yu & Sisi Shan & Huan Zhou & Shilong Fan & Qi Zhang & Xuanling Shi & Qisheng Wang & Linqi Zhang & Xinquan Wang, 2020. "Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor," Nature, Nature, vol. 581(7807), pages 215-220, May.
    2. Alexei J Drummond & Simon Y W Ho & Matthew J Phillips & Andrew Rambaut, 2006. "Relaxed Phylogenetics and Dating with Confidence," PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(5), pages 1-1, March.
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    2. Cedric C. S. Tan & Su Datt Lam & Damien Richard & Christopher J. Owen & Dorothea Berchtold & Christine Orengo & Meera Surendran Nair & Suresh V. Kuchipudi & Vivek Kapur & Lucy van Dorp & François Ball, 2022. "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals and potential host adaptation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.

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