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In vitro and in vivo characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains resistant to nirmatrelvir

Author

Listed:
  • Maki Kiso

    (University of Tokyo)

  • Yuri Furusawa

    (University of Tokyo
    National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute)

  • Ryuta Uraki

    (University of Tokyo
    National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute)

  • Masaki Imai

    (University of Tokyo
    National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
    University of Tokyo)

  • Seiya Yamayoshi

    (University of Tokyo
    National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
    University of Tokyo)

  • Yoshihiro Kawaoka

    (University of Tokyo
    National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
    The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center
    University of Wisconsin–Madison)

Abstract

Nirmatrelvir, an oral antiviral agent that targets a SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro), is clinically useful against infection with SARS-CoV-2 including its omicron variants. Since most omicron subvariants have reduced sensitivity to many monoclonal antibody therapies, potential SARS-CoV-2 resistance to nirmatrelvir is a major public health concern. Several amino acid substitutions have been identified as being responsible for reduced susceptibility to nirmatrelvir. Among them, we selected L50F/E166V and L50F/E166A/L167F in the 3CLpro because these combinations of substitutions are unlikely to affect virus fitness. We prepared and characterized delta variants possessing Nsp5-L50F/E166V and Nsp5-L50F/E166A/L167F. Both mutant viruses showed decreased susceptibility to nirmatrelvir and their growth in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells was delayed. Both mutant viruses showed attenuated phenotypes in a male hamster infection model, maintained airborne transmissibility, and were outcompeted by wild-type virus in co-infection experiments in the absence of nirmatrelvir, but less so in the presence of the drug. These results suggest that viruses possessing Nsp5-L50F/E166V and Nsp5-L50F/E166A/L167F do not become dominant in nature. However, it is important to closely monitor the emergence of nirmatrelvir-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants because resistant viruses with additional compensatory mutations could emerge, outcompete the wild-type virus, and become dominant.

Suggested Citation

  • Maki Kiso & Yuri Furusawa & Ryuta Uraki & Masaki Imai & Seiya Yamayoshi & Yoshihiro Kawaoka, 2023. "In vitro and in vivo characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains resistant to nirmatrelvir," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-39704-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39704-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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