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Vacuole dynamics and popping-based motility in liquid droplets of DNA

Author

Listed:
  • Omar A. Saleh

    (University of California)

  • Sam Wilken

    (University of California)

  • Todd M. Squires

    (University of California)

  • Tim Liedl

    (Ludwig-Maximilians University)

Abstract

Liquid droplets of biomolecules play key roles in organizing cellular behavior, and are also technologically relevant, yet physical studies of dynamic processes of such droplets have generally been lacking. Here, we investigate and quantify the dynamics of formation of dilute internal inclusions, i.e., vacuoles, within a model system consisting of liquid droplets of DNA ‘nanostar’ particles. When acted upon by DNA-cleaving restriction enzymes, these DNA droplets exhibit cycles of appearance, growth, and bursting of internal vacuoles. Analysis of vacuole growth shows their radius increases linearly in time. Further, vacuoles pop upon reaching the droplet interface, leading to droplet motion driven by the osmotic pressure of restriction fragments captured in the vacuole. We develop a model that accounts for the linear nature of vacuole growth, and the pressures associated with motility, by describing the dynamics of diffusing restriction fragments. The results illustrate the complex non-equilibrium dynamics possible in biomolecular condensates.

Suggested Citation

  • Omar A. Saleh & Sam Wilken & Todd M. Squires & Tim Liedl, 2023. "Vacuole dynamics and popping-based motility in liquid droplets of DNA," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-39175-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39175-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Erik Winfree & Furong Liu & Lisa A. Wenzler & Nadrian C. Seeman, 1998. "Design and self-assembly of two-dimensional DNA crystals," Nature, Nature, vol. 394(6693), pages 539-544, August.
    2. Pilong Li & Sudeep Banjade & Hui-Chun Cheng & Soyeon Kim & Baoyu Chen & Liang Guo & Marc Llaguno & Javoris V. Hollingsworth & David S. King & Salman F. Banani & Paul S. Russo & Qiu-Xing Jiang & B. Tra, 2012. "Phase transitions in the assembly of multivalent signalling proteins," Nature, Nature, vol. 483(7389), pages 336-340, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tomoya Maruyama & Jing Gong & Masahiro Takinoue, 2024. "Temporally controlled multistep division of DNA droplets for dynamic artificial cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Alexander M. Bergmann & Jonathan Bauermann & Giacomo Bartolucci & Carsten Donau & Michele Stasi & Anna-Lena Holtmannspötter & Frank Jülicher & Christoph A. Weber & Job Boekhoven, 2023. "Liquid spherical shells are a non-equilibrium steady state of active droplets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.

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