Policy Polarization and Strategic Candidacy in Elections under the Alternative-Vote Rule

We use the citizen-candidate model to study electoral outcomes under the alternative-vote rule, a voting method often proposed as a replacement to the prevalent plurality rule. We show that, like the plurality rule, the alternative-vote rule deters multiple candidate clusters and the presence of candidates at more than two positions. Moreover, the alternative-vote rule tends to support less policy polarization than the plurality rule. These results stand in contrast to those obtained under other proposed voting rules, approval voting in particular, which are prone to candidate clustering and, as a result, can support greater policy polarization than the plurality rule.