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Foglalkoztatás és iskolázottság Magyarországon
[Employment and educational attainment in Hungary]

Author

Listed:
  • Kertesi, Gábor
  • Varga, Júlia

Abstract

A tanulmány a magyarországi alacsony foglalkoztatási szint iskolázottsággal összefüggő okait vizsgálja. A kiindulópont: a népesség iskolai végzettség szerinti összetétele nemzetközi összehasonlításban. Az összehasonlítást alapvetően megnehezítik a magyar iskolarendszer egyes fokozatainak besorolási bizonytalanságai. Nyomós tartalmi okok szólnak amellett, hogy a hazai szakmunkásképző/szakiskolai végzettséget a felső-középfoknál alacsonyabb végzettségi kategóriába soroljuk. Ilyen osztályozás mellett a magyarországi népesség iskolázottsága 2001-ben - a kilencvenes évek nagymérvű iskolázási expanziója ellenére is - jelentősen elmarad a EUországok átlagától. Az alacsony iskolázottságúak még mindig igen magas aránya döntően arra vezethető vissza, hogy a nyolcvanas évek közepétől megtört az a hosszú távú trend, amely a hetvenes évek eleje óta évről évre folyamatosan csökkentette az egy születési évjáratból a nagyon alacsony iskolázottsági szinten megrekedt népesség arányát. Az iskoláztatási expanzió megállt a szegény néprétegeknél. A foglalkoztatási lemaradás zöme abból adódik, hogy bajok vannak az alacsony iskolázottságú munkaerő foglalkoztatásával: az EU átlagához képest túl sokan vannak, és rosszabbul is foglalkoztathatók. A tanulmány korábbi ismeretekre és néhány új érvre támaszkodva igyekszik eloszlatni azokat az aggodalmakat, amelyek szerint Magyarországon az érettségit adó középiskolákban és a felsőoktatásban fölösleges túlképzés folyna. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: I21, J21, J24.

Suggested Citation

  • Kertesi, Gábor & Varga, Júlia, 2005. "Foglalkoztatás és iskolázottság Magyarországon [Employment and educational attainment in Hungary]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 633-662.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:775
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kertesi, Gábor, 2000. "Ingázás a falusi Magyarországon. Egy megoldatlan probléma [Commuting in rural Hungary. An unresolved problem]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(10), pages 775-798.
    2. Esther Duflo, 2001. "Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 91(4), pages 795-813, September.
    3. Hermann, Zoltán, 2005. "A helyi munkaerőpiac hatása a középfokú továbbtanulási döntésekre [The local labour markets effect on decisions to enter secondary-level education]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(1), pages 39-60.
    4. Galasi, Péter, 2004. "Túlképzés, alulképzés és bérhozam a magyar munkaerőpiacon, 1994-2002 [Over-education, under-education and wage premiums on the Hungarian labour market, 1994-2002]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 449-471.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Zsombor Cseres-Gergely, 2007. "Inactivity in Hungary - the persistent effect of the pension system," Budapest Working Papers on the Labour Market 0701, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    2. Tésits Róbert & Alpek Levente & Hoványi Gábor, 2019. "Some Experience of the Complex, National Human Resource Development Programmes in the Hungarian Rural Regions," Eastern European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 25(1), pages 95-119, December.
    3. Kerekes Kinga & Pakucs Bernadett, 2013. "Occupational Choices of Romanian Rural Youth," Eastern European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 19(2013), pages 57-76, December.
    4. SÁNTA Ádám Kálmán & KOZMÁNÉ CSIRMAZ Éva, 2020. "Employment-Related Habits Among Students Majoring In Tourism At The University Of Debrecen," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1(1), pages 109-121, July.
    5. Makó, Ágnes, 2015. "A szakképzett pályakezdők munkaerő-piaci helyzete és elhelyezkedési esélyei [The labour-market position of qualified starters and their chances of finding a job]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 502-524.
    6. Makó, Ágnes, 2019. "A közismereti tudás és az elkötelezettség hatása a szakiskolát végzettek munkaerőpiaci esélyeire [General knowledge and commitment as factors in the labour-market chances of those completing vocati," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(4), pages 434-458.
    7. Vékás, Péter, 2015. "Az egyéni munkaerő-piaci aktivitás becslése mikroszimulációs modellkeretben [Estimating individual labor market activity in Hungary in a microsimulation framework]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(12), pages 1291-1308.
    8. Kertesi, Gábor & Kézdi, Gábor, 2012. "A roma és nem roma tanulók teszteredményei közti különbségekről és e különbségek okairól [The Roma/non-Roma test-score gap in Hungarian education]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 798-853.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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