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Why is Poverty Higher in Rural America According to the Supplemental Poverty Measure? An Investigation of the Geographic Adjustment

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  • José D. Pacas

    (University of Minnesota)

  • David W. Rothwell

    (Oregon State University)

Abstract

Poverty is a key indicator of economic hardship. By providing a geographic adjustment for cost of living, the recently developed Supplemental Poverty Measure has upended long-held views that poverty is higher in rural compared to urban America. In this study, we unpack the geographic adjustment underlying the Supplemental Poverty Measure and find that most of the difference is explained by the median rent index component rather than the housing tenure component. Further, we find that six states (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Ohio) account for over a third of the nonmetro poverty drop due to the median rent adjustment. We demonstrate that the demographic composition of the rural poor remains relatively unaffected despite this large drop, but find that the prevalence of poverty within demographic groups varies considerably. As a result, while the SPM is largely considered a more complete measure of poverty, the use of the median rent adjustment has important implications for the demographic understanding of rural poverty.

Suggested Citation

  • José D. Pacas & David W. Rothwell, 2020. "Why is Poverty Higher in Rural America According to the Supplemental Poverty Measure? An Investigation of the Geographic Adjustment," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 39(5), pages 941-975, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:poprpr:v:39:y:2020:i:5:d:10.1007_s11113-020-09612-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11113-020-09612-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. J. Tom Mueller & Matthew M. Brooks & José D. Pacas, 2022. "Cost of Living Variation, Nonmetropolitan America, and Implications for the Supplemental Poverty Measure," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(4), pages 1501-1523, August.
    2. Mueller, Tom, 2020. "The poverty balancing equation: Expressing poverty of place as a population process," SocArXiv ws3gd_v1, Center for Open Science.
    3. Linmao Ma & Tonggen Ding & Jinsong Zhang, 2024. "Research on the Capability to Prevent Returning to Poverty and Its Enhancement Path for the Ecologically Fragile Areas: A Case Study of Enshi Prefecture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-36, June.

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