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An exploratory study of sexual harassment in Pakistani organizations

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  • Faiza Ali
  • Robin Kramar

Abstract

Despite prior research on the influence of national regulatory and cultural factors on sexual harassment (SH) in the workplace, few studies have examined SH, its impact on victims and redress processes in Muslim majority countries (MMCs) such as Pakistan. This study uses neo-institutional theory to develop a more comprehensive framework to explore SH experienced by women in the workplace in Pakistan. Qualitative methodology is adopted to examine employees’ and managers’ perceptions of SH. Drawing on interviews with working women and human resource managers in six Pakistani organizations, this study demonstrates that even when there are formal policies designed to prevent SH, cultural factors influence policy implementation. It reveals that there is a tension between traditional culture and behavior consistent with SH policies in the workplace. This study identifies three major factors which influence SH redressal; these are socio-cultural factors (e.g., female modesty), institutional factors (e.g., inappropriate redress procedures), and managerial expertise/bias. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Faiza Ali & Robin Kramar, 2015. "An exploratory study of sexual harassment in Pakistani organizations," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 229-249, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:asiapa:v:32:y:2015:i:1:p:229-249
    DOI: 10.1007/s10490-014-9380-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. McCann, Deirdre M., 2005. "Sexual harassment at work : national and international responses," ILO Working Papers 993752193402676, International Labour Organization.
    2. repec:ilo:ilowps:375219 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Jawad Syed & Edwina Pio, 2010. "Veiled diversity? Workplace experiences of Muslim women in Australia," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 115-137, March.
    4. Hall, Peter A. & Taylor, Rosemary C. R., 1996. "Political science and the three new institutionalisms," MPIfG Discussion Paper 96/6, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sheharbano Tariq & Syed Musa Kazim & Maria Idress & Dr. Ali Raza, 2022. "Impact of Harassment on Work Basic Need Satisfaction of Women Working in Media Houses," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 35-39, December.
    2. Faiza Ali & Jawad Syed, 2017. "From Rhetoric to Reality: a Multilevel Analysis of Gender Equality in Pakistani Organizations," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(5), pages 472-486, September.
    3. Peter A. Murray & Kim Southey, 2020. "Can institutionalized workplace structures benefit senior women leaders?," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 1193-1216, December.

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