IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/hur/ijarbs/v6y2016i1p221-235.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations on Forming Country Image and Developing the Country Brand Using Public Diplomacy

Author

Listed:
  • Mehmet Turker
  • Zafer Konakli

Abstract

Country image and nation branding provide a competitive advantage for small and medium-sized enterprises in their internationalization. This paper analyzes the influence of Turkish nongovernmental organizations on forming country image of Turkey and developing the country brand using public diplomacy in the African continent. The published interviews and statements of Turkish and African politicians, business people and intellectuals argue that these organizations are effectively using public diplomacy to create the country brand. This paper focuses on the most active organization, the Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey (TUSKON) which supports to its members in communicating with their potential customers in several occasions, and having a differentiating statement and a competitive advantage by promoting the brand image of the country. This civil society support is significant, especially for the small and medium enterprises of developing countries, when considered the weak international image and reputation of these countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehmet Turker & Zafer Konakli, 2016. "Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations on Forming Country Image and Developing the Country Brand Using Public Diplomacy," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 6(1), pages 221-235, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:hur:ijarbs:v:6:y:2016:i:1:p:221-235
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hrmars.com/hrmars_papers/Influence_of_Nongovernmental_Organizations_on_Forming_Country_Image_and_Developing_the_Country_Brand_Using_Public_Diplomacy1.pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: http://hrmars.com/hrmars_papers/Influence_of_Nongovernmental_Organizations_on_Forming_Country_Image_and_Developing_the_Country_Brand_Using_Public_Diplomacy1.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Helen Lawton Smith & Saverio Romeo & Malika Virahsawmy, 2012. "Business and Professional Networks: Scope and Outcomes in Oxfordshire," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 44(8), pages 1801-1818, August.
    2. Ojala, Arto, 2009. "Internationalization of knowledge-intensive SMEs: The role of network relationships in the entry to a psychically distant market," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 50-59, February.
    3. Robert J. Bennett, 1998. "Business associations and their potential contribution to the competitiveness of SMEs," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(3), pages 243-260, January.
    4. Karadag, Roy, 2010. "Neoliberal restructuring in Turkey: From state to oligarchic capitalism," MPIfG Discussion Paper 10/7, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    5. Bennett, Robert J., 1995. "The Logic of Local Business Associations: an Analysis of Voluntary Chambers of Commerce," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 251-279, September.
    6. Robert Newbery & Johannes Sauer & Matthew Gorton & Jeremy Phillipson & Jane Atterton, 2013. "Determinants of the Performance of Business Associations in Rural Settlements in the United Kingdom: An Analysis of Members' Satisfaction and Willingness-to-Pay for Association Survival," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 45(4), pages 967-985, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shuai Shi & Kathy Pain, 2020. "Investigating China’s Mid-Yangtze River economic growth region using a spatial network growth model," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(14), pages 2973-2993, November.
    2. Bentivoglio, Deborah & Bucci, Giorgia & Belletti, Matteo & Finco, Adele, 2022. "A theoretical framework on network’s dynamics for precision agriculture technologies adoption," Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural (RESR), Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural, vol. 60(4), January.
    3. Luuk Rietveldt & Robert Goedegebuure, 2014. "The influence of network relationships on the internationalization process of SMEs: A multiple case-study of Ethiopian SMEs," Working Papers 2014/08, Maastricht School of Management.
    4. Smith, Lisa & Rees, Patricia & Murray, Noel, 2016. "Turning entrepreneurs into intrapreneurs: Thomas Cook, a case-study," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 191-204.
    5. Maria Ripollés & Andreu Blesa, 2020. "And yet, non-equity cooperative entries do improve international performance: uncovering the role of networks’ social capital," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 761-776, October.
    6. Ruben Molina Martinez & Oscar Hugo Pedraza Rendon & Jorge Luis Alcaraz Vargas, 2012. "Multinationalization Of Mexican Companies, La Multinacionalizacion De La Empresa Mexicana," Revista Internacional Administracion & Finanzas, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 5(5), pages 71-85.
    7. Lindstrand, Angelika & Hånell, Sara Melén, 2017. "International and market-specific social capital effects on international opportunity exploitation in the internationalization process," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 653-663.
    8. Bianchi, Constanza & Abu Saleh, Md., 2020. "Investigating SME importer–foreign supplier relationship trust and commitment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 572-584.
    9. Liang Wang & Justin Tan, 2019. "Social Structure of Regional Entrepreneurship: The Impacts of Collective Action of Incumbents on De Novo Entrants," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(5), pages 855-879, September.
    10. Jean-Christophe Gessler, 2016. "Les pratiques collaboratives des PME en vue de leur développement international : une revue de littérature," Post-Print hal-01393156, HAL.
    11. Ciravegna, Luciano & Majano, Sara B. & Zhan, Ge, 2014. "The inception of internationalization of small and medium enterprises: The role of activeness and networks," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(6), pages 1081-1089.
    12. Mathieu Cabrol & Véronique Favre-Bonté, 2011. "L'entrepreneur comme clef de voûte dans l'internationalisation rapide de son entreprise," Post-Print hal-00950491, HAL.
    13. Vivian Peuker Sardon Steinhäuser & Fábio de Oliveira Paula & Teresia Diana Lewe van Aduard Macedo-Soares, 2021. "Internationalization of SMEs: a systematic review of 20 years of research," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 164-195, June.
    14. Alexis Catanzaro & Christine Teyssier, 2021. "Export promotion programs, export capabilities, and risk management practices of internationalized SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1479-1503, October.
    15. Sahar Ahmadian & Somayeh Abdolmaleki, 2018. "Network typology and international opportunity recognition: moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 8(1), pages 1-15, December.
    16. Mukherjee Subhasree & Dhayanithy Deepak, 2017. "Effect of Inter-organizational Network on TMT – Entry Mode Choice relationship," Working papers 246, Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode.
    17. Syed Tanveer Hussain Shah & Syed Mohsin Ali Shah & Hatem El-Gohary, 2023. "Nurturing Innovative Work Behaviour through Workplace Learning among Knowledge Workers of Small and Medium Businesses," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(4), pages 3616-3639, December.
    18. Ciravegna, L. & Kundu, S.K. & Kuivalainen, O. & Lopez, L.E., 2019. "The timing of internationalization – Drivers and outcomes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 322-332.
    19. Andrea Buratti & Giancarlo Ferrero, 2017. "Empirical evidence of Entrepreneurial Marketing Orientation from Italian firms," MERCATI & COMPETITIVIT?, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2017(4), pages 151-173.
    20. Carlos Alberto Restrepo Rivillas & Edna Carolina Sastoque Ramírez & Isidro Hernández Rodríguez, 2021. "Proceso de Industrialización en colombia. Desempeño y condiciones institucionales," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Administración de Empresas, number 56, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Employers’ Organizations; internationalization of SME; country image; public diplomacy; nation brand;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • L31 - Industrial Organization - - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - - - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hur:ijarbs:v:6:y:2016:i:1:p:221-235. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Hassan Danial Aslam (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/IJARBSS .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.