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Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Land Application Process in China: A Review

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  • Xuan Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Industrial Wastes Recycling and Resourcization in Universities of Shandong, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China)

  • Xian-qing Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Industrial Wastes Recycling and Resourcization in Universities of Shandong, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China)

  • Dong-fang Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Industrial Wastes Recycling and Resourcization in Universities of Shandong, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China)

Abstract

The safe disposal of sewage sludge during the process of municipal wastewater treatment has become one of the major concerns of increased production. Land application was thought of as a more economical method for sewage sludge disposal than landfill and incineration. However, the presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge restricted the use of land application. The environmental risk of heavy metals was dependent on their contents, chemical speciations, and soil characteristics. Composting and chemical immobilization were the commonly used methods to immobilize the heavy metals in sewage sludge. The immobilization mechanism and speciation transformation of heavy metals during the composting process were presented. Aluminosilicate, phosphorus-bearing materials, basic compounds, and sulfides were reviewed as the commonly used chemical immobilizing agents. The problems that occur during the immobilization process were also discussed. The combination of different methods and the modification of chemical immobilizing agents both improved the fixation effect on heavy metals.

Suggested Citation

  • Xuan Zhang & Xian-qing Wang & Dong-fang Wang, 2017. "Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Land Application Process in China: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:11:p:2020-:d:117849
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Claudia Bruna Rizzardini & Daniele Goi, 2014. "Sustainability of Domestic Sewage Sludge Disposal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(5), pages 1-11, April.
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    1. Shihe Li & Baihui Fang & Dongfang Wang & Xianqing Wang & Xiaobing Man & Xuan Zhang, 2019. "Leaching Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Plant Nutrients in the Sewage Sludge Immobilized by Composite Phosphorus-Bearing Materials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Malwina Tytła, 2020. "Identification of the Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Critical Element of Ecological Risk Assessment in Terms of Its Agricultural or Natural Use," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Vladimír Frišták & Diana Bošanská & Vladimír Turčan & Martin Pipíška & Christoph Pfeifer & Gerhard Soja, 2022. "Relevance of Pyrolysis Products Derived from Sewage Sludge for Soil Applications," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Madiyar Aidabulov & Daulet Zhakupov & Khabiba Zhunussova & Aknur Temireyeva & Dhawal Shah & Yerbol Sarbassov, 2023. "Thermal Characterization, Kinetic Analysis and Co-Combustion of Sewage Sludge Coupled with High Ash Ekibastuz Coal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    5. Dong-Fang Wang & Shi-He Li & Xian-Qing Wang & Ling-Xu Li & Xuan Zhang, 2018. "Synergistic Passivation of Fly Ash and TMT on Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Shuncun Zhang & Tao Wang & Hao Wang & Qiangqiang Kang & Qian Zhou & Bo Chen, 2022. "Spatial Pattern, Sources Identification, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Typical Soda Soil from Bayannur, Northwestern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-16, October.
    7. Anna Turek & Kinga Wieczorek & Wojciech M. Wolf, 2019. "Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-10, March.
    8. Malwina Tytła, 2019. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-16, July.
    9. Yao Kohou Donatien Guéablé & Youssef Bezrhoud & Henri Joël Aké Aké & Haitam Moulay & Amal An-nori & Aziz Soulaimani & Lhoussaine Moughli & Yedir Ouhdouch & Mohamed Hafidi & Mohamed El Gharous & Khalil, 2022. "New Approach for Mining Site Reclamation Using Alternative Substrate Based on Phosphate Industry By-Product and Sludge (Part 2): Metals Transfer to Plant and Soil Microbial Density," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-14, September.
    10. Valdas Rudelis & Tadas Dambrauskas & Agne Grineviciene & Kestutis Baltakys, 2019. "The Prospective Approach for the Reduction of Fluoride Ions Mobility in Industrial Waste by Creating Products of Commercial Value," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-18, January.
    11. Monica Laura Zlati & Lucian Puiu Georgescu & Catalina Iticescu & Romeo Victor Ionescu & Valentin Marian Antohi, 2022. "New Approach to Modelling the Impact of Heavy Metals on the European Union’s Water Resources," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-24, December.
    12. Caterina Lucia & Daniela Pampinella & Eristanna Palazzolo & Luigi Badalucco & Vito Armando Laudicina, 2023. "From Waste to Resources: Sewage Sludges from the Citrus Processing Industry to Improve Soil Fertility and Performance of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-12, April.
    13. Oumaima Mabrouk & Helmi Hamdi & Sami Sayadi & Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti & Mohammed H. Abu-Dieyeh & Nabil Zouari, 2023. "Reuse of Sludge as Organic Soil Amendment: Insights into the Current Situation and Potential Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, April.

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