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The Effect of Organic Lake Sediments (Sapropel) on the Properties and Biological Resistance of Unfired Clay Bricks

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  • Violeta Voišnienė

    (Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Olga Kizinievič

    (Laboratory of Composite Materials, Institute of Building Materials, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Ramunė Albrektienė-Plačakė

    (Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Dovilė Vasiliauskienė

    (Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Jaunius Urbonavičius

    (Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

  • Rasa Vilkauskaitė

    (Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania)

Abstract

Clay materials were prepared with clay and sapropel (SP) or clay and modified (frozen) sapropel (FSP) as the main raw materials. Clay-based materials were formed by mixing clay with a different dosage of SP or FSP (5–30 wt.%). The effect of SP or FSP on the properties and biological resistance of clay-based materials was studied. The results show that the bulk density of clay-based materials decreased, and the compressive strength and initial rate of water absorption increased with the increase in the SP or FSP amount in the clay mixture. Research has shown that SP or FSP can be added as a natural additive containing microfibers to improve the mechanical properties of clay materials. When clay bricks had less than 15% sapropel, dry or frozen, we tested the resistance impact of the fungi Rhodotorula mucilaginosa , Stachybotrys chartarum , Cladosporium cladosporioides , and Aureobasidium pullulans under normal conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Violeta Voišnienė & Olga Kizinievič & Ramunė Albrektienė-Plačakė & Dovilė Vasiliauskienė & Jaunius Urbonavičius & Rasa Vilkauskaitė, 2024. "The Effect of Organic Lake Sediments (Sapropel) on the Properties and Biological Resistance of Unfired Clay Bricks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:6:p:2327-:d:1355192
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chad J. Penn & James J. Camberato, 2019. "A Critical Review on Soil Chemical Processes that Control How Soil pH Affects Phosphorus Availability to Plants," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-18, June.
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