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Soybean ( Glycine max ) Cropland Suitability Analysis in Subtropical Desert Climate through GIS-Based Multicriteria Analysis and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imaging

Author

Listed:
  • Noman Ahmad

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Fazila Younas

    (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Hamaad Raza Ahmad

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Muhammad Sarfraz

    (Soil Salinity Research Institute, Pindi Bhattian, Hafizabad 52180, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Ashar Ayub

    (Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Aamer Maqsood

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Fahd Rasul

    (Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Fahad Sardar

    (Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China)

  • Tariq Mehmood

    (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Jamaan S. Ajarem

    (Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Saleh n. Maoda

    (Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Xiang Li

    (College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Zhaojie Cui

    (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China)

Abstract

Soybean ( Glycine max ) is a protein-rich oilseed crop that is extensively used for cooking oil and poultry feed and faces significant challenges due to adverse global climatic conditions aggravated by the ongoing climate crisis. In response to this critical issue, this study was initiated to assess suitable zones for soybean cultivation, aiming to facilitate informed land use decisions within the semi-arid terrestrial ecosystem. Through the utilization of geostatistical interpolation, data layers encompassing soil, irrigation water, land use and land cover, topographic features, and climate information were generated and overlaid based on criterion weightage derived from the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The accuracy of land use and land cover was rigorously evaluated, yielding a 70% overall accuracy and a Kappa (K) value of 0.61, signifying an acceptable level of precision. Validation through the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for soybean crop suitability demonstrated a highly satisfactory area under the curve of 0.738. The study estimates that out of 172,618.66 hectares, approximately 47.46% of the land is highly suitable (S1) for soybean production, followed by 21.36% moderately suitable (S2), 11.91% marginally suitable (S3), 7.00% currently not suitable (N1), and 12.28% permanently not suitable (N2). Conclusively, the findings suggest that the study area exhibits conducive climatic conditions, optimal soil health, and access to quality irrigation water, all of which have the potential to support soybean crops with improved agronomic practices. This investigation offers valuable insights to both farmers and policymakers concerning irrigation water quality, agricultural productivity, and soil degradation.

Suggested Citation

  • Noman Ahmad & Fazila Younas & Hamaad Raza Ahmad & Muhammad Sarfraz & Muhammad Ashar Ayub & Muhammad Aamer Maqsood & Fahd Rasul & Muhammad Fahad Sardar & Tariq Mehmood & Jamaan S. Ajarem & Saleh n. Mao, 2023. "Soybean ( Glycine max ) Cropland Suitability Analysis in Subtropical Desert Climate through GIS-Based Multicriteria Analysis and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imaging," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-28, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:11:p:2034-:d:1276389
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hillary Mugiyo & Vimbayi G. P. Chimonyo & Mbulisi Sibanda & Richard Kunz & Cecilia R. Masemola & Albert T. Modi & Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, 2021. "Evaluation of Land Suitability Methods with Reference to Neglected and Underutilised Crop Species: A Scoping Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-24, January.
    2. Chad J. Penn & James J. Camberato, 2019. "A Critical Review on Soil Chemical Processes that Control How Soil pH Affects Phosphorus Availability to Plants," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-18, June.
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