IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i5p4164-d1080109.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Relationships between Average Wages in the Manufacturing Sector and Economic Indicators of the Manufacturing Sector in the Region of Visegrad Group Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Ladislav Suhányi

    (Faculty of Management and Business, University of Presov, Konstantínova 16, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia)

  • Alžbeta Suhányiová

    (Department of Business Management and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Letná 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia)

  • Jaroslava Kádárová

    (Department of Business Management and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Letná 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia)

  • Jaroslava Janeková

    (Department of Business Management and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Letná 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia)

Abstract

The role and position of the manufacturing sector changes over time. Its importance in the sustainable growth of the economy, innovations, trade, reducing energy demand, and environmental problems is currently being shown again. The study underlines the significance and importance of the manufacturing sector in the economy of countries, and the generally applicable economic principles are explicitly examined in regard to the manufacturing sector. It examines whether selected economic indicators of the manufacturing sector in the region of the Visegrad Group countries can affect the level of average wages in the sector. Wages represent a key determinant of attractiveness, as well as the potential to increase the standards of living and the long-term sustainability of a given sector. The selected economic indicators for the period 2008–2019 concerning average wages in the manufacturing sector were: FDI Flow, GDP, labour productivity, employment, and the number of hours worked in the manufacturing sector. The source of secondary data was the OECD database. A multiple regression model was used and tested. The suitability of the proposed model was tested using the ANOVA method. A significant effect was shown in the case of two of the examined variables, namely the GDP and employment in the manufacturing sector. Based on the findings of the study, it can be assumed that the sectoral GDP can positively affect average wages in the sector and the level of employment in manufacturing can negatively affect them. The summary of implications and proposals indirectly supports the need to develop and introduce innovations, new technologies, automation, and robotization, as well as for further implementation and support of Industry 4.0 and 5.0.

Suggested Citation

  • Ladislav Suhányi & Alžbeta Suhányiová & Jaroslava Kádárová & Jaroslava Janeková, 2023. "Relationships between Average Wages in the Manufacturing Sector and Economic Indicators of the Manufacturing Sector in the Region of Visegrad Group Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4164-:d:1080109
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4164/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4164/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. George A. Akerlof & Janet L. Yellen, 1990. "The Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 105(2), pages 255-283.
    2. Eric A. Verhoogen, 2008. "Trade, Quality Upgrading, and Wage Inequality in the Mexican Manufacturing Sector," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 123(2), pages 489-530.
    3. Wolf, Elke, 2002. "Lower wage rates for fewer hours? A simultaneous wage-hours model for Germany," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(5), pages 643-663, November.
    4. Ozlem Onaran & Thomas Obst, 2016. "Wage-led growth in the EU15 member-states: the effects of income distribution on growth, investment, trade balance and inflation," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 40(6), pages 1517-1551.
    5. Martijn P. Tummers & Isolde Woittiez, 1991. "A Simultaneous Wage and Labor Supply Model with Hours Restrictions," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 26(3), pages 393-423.
    6. Ekaterina S. Jardim & Gary Solon & Jacob L. Vigdor, 2019. "How Prevalent Is Downward Rigidity in Nominal Wages? Evidence from Payroll Records in Washington State," NBER Working Papers 25470, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Feldstein, Martin, 2008. "Did wages reflect growth in productivity?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 591-594.
    8. Joze Damijan & Crt Kostevc, 2011. "Trade liberalisation and economic geography in CEE countries: the role of FDI in the adjustment pattern of regional wages," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 163-189.
    9. Charpe, Matthieu & Bridji, Slim & Mcadam, Peter, 2020. "Labor Share And Growth In The Long Run," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(7), pages 1720-1757, October.
    10. Kydland, Finn E & Prescott, Edward C, 1982. "Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(6), pages 1345-1370, November.
    11. Alina Stundziene & Asta Baliute, 2022. "Personnel Costs and Labour Productivity: The Case of European Manufacturing Industry," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-17, January.
    12. Breau, Sébastien Brown, W. Mark, 2011. "Global Links: Exporting, Foreign Direct Investment, and Wages: Evidence from the Canadian Manufacturing Sector," The Canadian Economy in Transition 2011021e, Statistics Canada, Economic Analysis Division.
    13. Nielsen, Bo Bernhard & Asmussen, Christian Geisler & Weatherall, Cecilie Dohlmann, 2017. "The location choice of foreign direct investments: Empirical evidence and methodological challenges," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 62-82.
    14. Almeida, Rita, 2007. "The labor market effects of foreign owned firms," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 75-96, May.
    15. Michael W. L. Elsby & Donggyun Shin & Gary Solon, 2016. "Wage Adjustment in the Great Recession and Other Downturns: Evidence from the United States and Great Britain," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(S1), pages 249-291.
    16. Cristian Valeriu Paun & Radu Nechita & Alexandru Patruti & Mihai Vladimir Topan, 2021. "The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Employment: An EU Panel Data Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    17. Vicente Roca-Puig, 2020. "The Symbiotic Bond of Income Equality and Organizational Equilibrium," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-14, November.
    18. Sara Amoroso & Pietro Moncada-Paterno-Castello, 2018. "Inward Greenfield FDI and Patterns of Job Polarisation," JRC Working Papers JRC111347, Joint Research Centre (Seville site).
    19. Mohammad Zulfan Tadjoeddin, 2016. "Productivity, wages and employment: evidence from the Indonesia's manufacturing sector," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 489-512, October.
    20. Michael W. L. Elsby & Gary Solon, 2019. "How Prevalent Is Downward Rigidity in Nominal Wages? International Evidence from Payroll Records and Pay Slips," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 33(3), pages 185-201, Summer.
    21. Reizer, Balázs, 2022. "Employment and Wage Consequences of Flexible Wage Components," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    22. Tregenna, Fiona, 2011. "Manufacturing Productivity, Deindustrialization, and Reindustrialization," WIDER Working Paper Series 057, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    23. N. Gregory Mankiw & David Romer (ed.), 1991. "New Keynesian Economics - Vol. 2: Coordination Failures and Real Rigidities," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262631342, December.
    24. Afia Malik & Ather Maqsood Ahmed, 2000. "The Relationship between Real Wages and Output: Evidence from Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 39(4), pages 1111-1126.
    25. Robert Lipsey & Fredrik Sjöholm, 2004. "FDI and wage spillovers in Indonesian manufacturing," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 140(2), pages 321-332, June.
    26. John Grigsby & Erik Hurst & Ahu Yildirmaz, 2021. "Aggregate Nominal Wage Adjustments: New Evidence from Administrative Payroll Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 111(2), pages 428-471, February.
    27. Ionuț Jianu & Marin Dinu & Dragoș Huru & Alexandru Bodislav, 2021. "Examining the Relationship between Income Inequality and Growth from the Perspective of EU Member States’ Stage of Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-16, May.
    28. Sébastien Breau & W. Mark Brown, 2011. "Exporting, Foreign Direct Investment, and Wages: Evidence from the Canadian Manufacturing Sector," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(3), pages 261-286, September.
    29. Avik Chakrabarti, 2001. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments: Sensitivity Analyses of Cross‐Country Regressions," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(1), pages 89-114, February.
    30. Sara Amoroso & Pietro Moncada-Paternò-Castello, 2018. "Inward Greenfield FDI and Patterns of Job Polarization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, April.
    31. Shapiro, Carl & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1984. "Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(3), pages 433-444, June.
    32. Fiona Tregenna, 2011. "Manufacturing Productivity, Deindustrialization, and Reindustrialization," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2011-057, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    33. John F. Ermisch & Robert E. Wright, 1993. "Wage Offers and Full-Time and Part-Time Employment by British Women," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 28(1), pages 111-133.
    34. Sophia Dimelis, 1997. "Cyclical and causal relations between real wages and employment in the EU," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 311-324.
    35. Di Meglio, Gisela & Gallego, Jorge, 2022. "Disentangling services in developing regions: A test of Kaldor's first and second laws," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 221-229.
    36. Yoram Barzel, 1973. "The Determination of Daily Hours and Wages," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 87(2), pages 220-238.
    37. Landers, Renee M & Rebitzer, James B & Taylor, Lowell J, 1996. "Rat Race Redux: Adverse Selection in the Determination of Work Hours in Law Firms," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(3), pages 329-348, June.
    38. Walter Y. Oi, 1962. "Labor as a Quasi-Fixed Factor," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 70(6), pages 538-538.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Steven J. Davis & Pawel M. Krolikowski, 2023. "Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin," NBER Working Papers 31528, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Devicienti, Francesco & Grinza, Elena & Vannoni, Davide, 2020. "Why do firms (dis)like part-time contracts?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    3. Wolf, Elke, 2013. "The German part-time wage gap: bad news for men," VfS Annual Conference 2013 (Duesseldorf): Competition Policy and Regulation in a Global Economic Order 79969, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    4. Elke Wolf, 2014. "The German Part-Time Wage Gap: Bad News for Men," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 663, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    5. Adamopoulou, Effrosyni & Villanueva, Ernesto, 2020. "Wage Determination and the Bite of Collective Contracts in Italy and Spain: Evidence from the Metalworking Industry," IZA Discussion Papers 13542, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Männasoo, Kadri, 2022. "Working hours and gender wage differentials: Evidence from the American Working Conditions Survey," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    7. Jason Lennard, 2023. "Sticky wages and the Great Depression: evidence from the United Kingdom," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 27(2), pages 196-222.
    8. Daniel Schäfer & Carl Singleton, 2020. "Nominal Wage Adjustments and the Composition of Pay: New Evidence from Payroll Data," Economics working papers 2020-11, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    9. Daniel Schaefer & Carl Singleton, 2023. "The Extent of Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity: New Evidence from Payroll Data," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 60-76, December.
    10. Schrenker, Annekatrin, 2023. "Do women expect wage cuts for part-time work?," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 80, pages 1-23.
    11. Matteo Cacciatore & Federico Ravenna, 2021. "Uncertainty, Wages and the Business Cycle," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 131(639), pages 2797-2823.
    12. Fallick, Bruce & Villar, Daniel & Wascher, William, 2022. "Downward nominal wage rigidity in the United States in times of economic distress and low inflation," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    13. Wolf, Elke, 2002. "Lower wage rates for fewer hours? A simultaneous wage-hours model for Germany," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(5), pages 643-663, November.
    14. Abrahams, Scott, 2024. "Downward minimum wage rigidity: Evidence from a temporary four-month increase in St. Louis," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 30-47.
    15. Annekatrin Schrenker, 2022. "Do Women Expect Wage Cuts for Part-time Work?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2024, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    16. Marco Fongoni & Daniel Schaefer & Carl Singleton, 2023. "When are wages cut? The roles of incomplete contracts and employee involvement," Working Papers hal-03953201, HAL.
    17. Marco Fongoni & Daniel Schaefer & Carl Singleton, 2023. "When are wages cut? The roles of incomplete contracts and employee involvement," AMSE Working Papers 2303, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
    18. Schrenker, Annekatrin, 2023. "Do women expect wage cuts for part-time work?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    19. Reizer, Balázs, 2022. "Employment and Wage Consequences of Flexible Wage Components," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    20. Ann Harrison & John McLaren & Margaret S. McMillan, 2010. "Recent Findings on Trade and Inequality," NBER Working Papers 16425, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4164-:d:1080109. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.