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Portfolio Analysis of Clean Energy Vehicles in Japan Considering Copper Recycling

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  • Jun Osawa

    (Department Management Systems, College of Informatics and Human Communication, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Nonoichi 921-8501, Japan)

Abstract

Several countries are moving toward carbon neutrality to mitigate climate change. The introduction of clean energy vehicles (CEVs) is a measure to offset the adverse effects of global warming. However, each CEV has its strengths and weaknesses. An optimal CEV portfolio must be formulated to create effective policies that promote innovative technologies and introduce them into the market. CEVs also consume more copper than gasoline vehicles. Copper is associated with supply risks, which most previous conventional studies have failed to address. Therefore, this study proposes a novel CEV optimization model for sustainable consumption of copper resources through recycling along with reduction of CO 2 emissions. This study aims to analyze the optimal portfolio for domestic passenger vehicles and the assumed effects of copper recycling and usage reduction. For this analysis, this study set up scenarios for the recycling rate of copper contained in end-of-life vehicles and the reduction rate of copper used in newly sold vehicles. Our simulation results showed that increased recycling rates and reduced use of copper are necessary for the diffusion of battery electric vehicles. Furthermore, the simulation results indicated that if these improvements are not implemented, the deployment of fuel cell vehicles needs to be accelerated.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun Osawa, 2023. "Portfolio Analysis of Clean Energy Vehicles in Japan Considering Copper Recycling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:2113-:d:1044323
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yeh, Sonia & Farrell, Alexander E. & Plevin, Richard J & Sanstad, Alan & Weyant, John, 2008. "Optimizing U.S. Mitigation Strategies for the Light-Duty Transportation Sector: What We Learn from a Bottom-Up Model," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1td1g7qw, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Yang Li & Shiyu Huang & Yanhui Liu & Yiyi Ju, 2021. "Recycling Potential of Plastic Resources from End-of-Life Passenger Vehicles in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Ichinohe, Masayuki & Endo, Eiichi, 2006. "Analysis of the vehicle mix in the passenger-car sector in Japan for CO2 emissions reduction by a MARKAL model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(10), pages 1047-1061, October.
    4. Yang Li & Kiyoshi Fujikawa & Junbo Wang & Xin Li & Yiyi Ju & Chenyi Chen, 2020. "The Potential and Trend of End-Of-Life Passenger Vehicles Recycling in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-13, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yuuki Yoshimoto & Koki Kishimoto & Kanchan Kumar Sen & Takako Mochida & Andrew Chapman, 2023. "Toward Economically Efficient Carbon Reduction: Contrasting Greening Plastic Supply Chains with Alternative Energy Policy Approaches," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Jun Osawa, 2024. "Evaluation of Technological Configurations of Residential Energy Systems Considering Bidirectional Power Supply by Vehicles in Japan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-17, March.

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