IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i3p1768-d1038656.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigation of Irrigation Water Requirement and Evapotranspiration for Water Resource Management in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Sajjad Hussain

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Mubeen

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan)

  • Wajid Nasim

    (Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan)

  • Shah Fahad

    (Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan)

  • Musaddiq Ali

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Azhar Ehsan

    (International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY 10964, USA)

  • Ali Raza

    (School of Agriculture Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

Abstract

Water scarcity and water quality degradation are exacerbated by climate change in all countries, including Pakistan. The use of water in agriculture is one of the most predominant resources, so reducing consumption and improving resource management is of utmost importance. In the past few decades, excessive irrigation has led to severe water scarcity and reduced water quality. This study determined the irrigation requirements for cotton, rice, and wheat, using the CROPWAT model in Southern Punjab (Multan District). In the study area, evapotranspiration ranged from 1.8 to 10.24 mm/day, while effective rainfall ranged from 2 to 31.3 mm. Rice, cotton, and wheat each required 996.4, 623.3, and 209.5 mm of irrigation, respectively. Among rice, cotton, and wheat, the total net irrigation was 72.4, 67.8, and 44.1 mm, respectively, while the total gross irrigation was 103.5, 99.8, and 63 mm. The CROPWAT model showed a moderately useful result for identifying irrigation needs in Southern Punjab. The study emphasizes the need for groundwater harvesting and water management technologies to implement a water management system that reduces water shortages.

Suggested Citation

  • Sajjad Hussain & Muhammad Mubeen & Wajid Nasim & Shah Fahad & Musaddiq Ali & Muhammad Azhar Ehsan & Ali Raza, 2023. "Investigation of Irrigation Water Requirement and Evapotranspiration for Water Resource Management in Southern Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:1768-:d:1038656
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/1768/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/1768/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wahaj, Robina & Maraux, Florent & Munoz, Giovanni, 2007. "Actual crop water use in project countries : a synthesis at the regional level," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4288, The World Bank.
    2. de Azevedo, Pedro V. & de Souza, Cleber B. & da Silva, Bernardo B. & da Silva, Vicente P.R., 2007. "Water requirements of pineapple crop grown in a tropical environment, Brazil," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 88(1-3), pages 201-208, March.
    3. Sajjad Hussain & Linlin Lu & Muhammad Mubeen & Wajid Nasim & Shankar Karuppannan & Shah Fahad & Aqil Tariq & B. G. Mousa & Faisal Mumtaz & Muhammad Aslam, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Variation in Land Use Land Cover in the Response to Local Climate Change Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Data," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-19, April.
    4. Muhammad Majeed & Aqil Tariq & Muhammad Mushahid Anwar & Arshad Mahmood Khan & Fahim Arshad & Faisal Mumtaz & Muhammad Farhan & Lili Zhang & Aroosa Zafar & Marjan Aziz & Sanaullah Abbasi & Ghani Rahma, 2021. "Monitoring of Land Use–Land Cover Change and Potential Causal Factors of Climate Change in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan, through GIS and Multi-Temporal Satellite Data," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Monika Marković & Maja Matoša Kočar & Željko Barač & Alka Turalija & Atılgan Atılgan & Danijel Jug & Marija Ravlić, 2024. "Field Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Soil Moisture Sensors in Irrigated Orchard," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-19, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Seema Mehra Parihar & Vijendra Kumar Pandey & Anshu & Karuna Shree & Khusro Moin & Mohammed Baber Ali & Kanchana Narasimhan & Jeetesh Rai & Azka Kamil, 2022. "Land Use Dynamics and Impact on Regional Climate Post-Tehri Dam in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Fant, Charles & Gebretsadik, Yohannes & Strzepek, Kenneth, 2012. "Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation, Crops and Hydropower in Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series 079, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    3. repec:unu:wpaper:wp2012-79 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Kamal Hussain & Fazlur Rahman & Ihsan Ullah & Zahir Ahmad & Udo Schickhoff, 2024. "Animals Feed in Transition: Intricate Interplay of Land Use Land Cover Change and Fodder Sources in Kurram Valley, Pakistan," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, February.
    5. Sajjad Hussain & Linlin Lu & Muhammad Mubeen & Wajid Nasim & Shankar Karuppannan & Shah Fahad & Aqil Tariq & B. G. Mousa & Faisal Mumtaz & Muhammad Aslam, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Variation in Land Use Land Cover in the Response to Local Climate Change Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Data," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-19, April.
    6. Zhe Li & Feng Wu & Huiqiang Ma & Zhanjun Xu & Shaohua Wang, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Relationship between Night Time Light and Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Beijing, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, April.
    7. Margherita Comola & Carla Inguaggiato & Mariapia Mendola, 2021. "Learning about Farming: Innovation and Social Networks in a Resettled Community in Brazil," Development Working Papers 468, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano.
    8. Asad Aziz & Muhammad Mushahid Anwar & Muhammad Majeed & Sammer Fatima & Syed Shajee Mehdi & Wali Muhammad Mangrio & Amine Elbouzidi & Muhammad Abdullah & Shadab Shaukat & Nafeesa Zahid & Eman A. Mahmo, 2023. "Quantifying Landscape and Social Amenities as Ecosystem Services in Rapidly Changing Peri-Urban Landscape," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-12, February.
    9. Dusek, J. & Ray, C. & Alavi, G. & Vogel, T. & Sanda, M., 2010. "Effect of plastic mulch on water flow and herbicide transport in soil cultivated with pineapple crop: A modeling study," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(10), pages 1637-1645, October.
    10. Sanghun Son & Seong-Hyeok Lee & Jaegu Bae & Minji Ryu & Doi Lee & So-Ryeon Park & Dongju Seo & Jinsoo Kim, 2022. "Land-Cover-Change Detection with Aerial Orthoimagery Using SegNet-Based Semantic Segmentation in Namyangju City, South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, September.
    11. Amba Shalishe & Anirudh Bhowmick & Kumneger Elias, 2023. "Agricultural drought analysis and its association among land surface temperature, soil moisture and precipitation in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a remote sensing approach," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(1), pages 57-70, May.
    12. Tiberiu Iancu & Valentina Constanta Tudor & Eduard Alexandru Dumitru & Cristina Maria Sterie & Marius Mihai Micu & Dragos Smedescu & Liviu Marcuta & Elena Tonea & Paula Stoicea & Catalin Vintu & Andy , 2022. "A Scientometric Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, October.
    13. Muhammad Majeed & Aqil Tariq & Sheikh Marifatul Haq & Muhammad Waheed & Muhammad Mushahid Anwar & Qingting Li & Muhammad Aslam & Sanaullah Abbasi & B. G. Mousa & Ahsan Jamil, 2022. "A Detailed Ecological Exploration of the Distribution Patterns of Wild Poaceae from the Jhelum District (Punjab), Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, March.
    14. Ma, Haiyang & Li, Li & Liu, Siru & Shi, Weiqi & Wang, Chao & Zhao, Qiufang & Cui, Ningbo & Wang, Yaosheng, 2022. "Physiological response, phytohormone signaling, biomass production and water use efficiency of the CAM plant Ananas comosus under different water and nitrogen regimes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    15. Yohannes Gebretsadik & Charles Fant & Kenneth Strzepek, 2012. "Impact of Climate Change on Irrigation, Crops and Hydropower in Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2012-079, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    16. Charles Fant & Yohannes Gebretsadik & Alyssa McCluskey & Kenneth Strzepek, 2015. "An uncertainty approach to assessment of climate change impacts on the Zambezi River Basin," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 130(1), pages 35-48, May.
    17. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & López-Urrea, R. & Hunsaker, D.J. & Mota, M. & Mohammadi Shad, Z., 2021. "Standard single and basal crop coefficients for vegetable crops, an update of FAO56 crop water requirements approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    18. Bezerra, Bergson G. & da Silva, Bernardo B. & Bezerra, José R.C. & Sofiatti, Valdinei & dos Santos, Carlos A.C., 2012. "Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for sprinkler-irrigated cotton crop in Apodi Plateau semiarid lands of Brazil," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 86-93.
    19. Huanhuan Yuan & Jianliang Zhang & Zhi Wang & Zhedong Qian & Xiaoyue Wang & Wanggu Xu & Haonan Zhang, 2023. "Multi-Temporal Change of LULC and Its Impact on Carbon Storage in Jiangsu Coastal, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:1768-:d:1038656. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.