IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jresou/v13y2024i2p30-d1338451.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Animals Feed in Transition: Intricate Interplay of Land Use Land Cover Change and Fodder Sources in Kurram Valley, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Kamal Hussain

    (Department of Geography, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Khairpur 66020, Pakistan)

  • Fazlur Rahman

    (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan)

  • Ihsan Ullah

    (Department of Geography, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan)

  • Zahir Ahmad

    (Department of Geography, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan)

  • Udo Schickhoff

    (CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany)

Abstract

Land use land cover (LULC) changes have emerged as a pivotal driver of environmental challenges in the Northwestern mountainous belts of Pakistan. These changes are increasingly recognized for their pervasive impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The conversion of pastures and rangelands into other land uses is a key facet of LULC change, posing a substantial threat to the availability of animal feed sources. This study aims to evaluate LULC changes and investigate their consequences on animal feed sources in the Upper Kurram Valley, located in the Koh-e-Safid mountain of Northwestern Pakistan. The study employs a multidisciplinary methodological approach that incorporates remotely sensed data, focus group discussions, interviews, and field observations. The study findings uncover a notable decline in rangeland (26.6%) and forest cover (28.7%) over a span of more than three decades (1987–2019). The shrinkage of rangeland has spurred an increased reliance on crop residues and fodder crops. The free grazing practices have been replaced by stall-feeding and controlled grazing methods. This declining rangeland resources has negatively affected animal husbandry, and the average number of livestock per household decreased from 32 in 1980 to 3.7 in 2019. In essence, this transition has not only impacted animal feed sources but also reshaped the livelihoods of local communities closely connected to animal husbandry.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamal Hussain & Fazlur Rahman & Ihsan Ullah & Zahir Ahmad & Udo Schickhoff, 2024. "Animals Feed in Transition: Intricate Interplay of Land Use Land Cover Change and Fodder Sources in Kurram Valley, Pakistan," Resources, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:13:y:2024:i:2:p:30-:d:1338451
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/13/2/30/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9276/13/2/30/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jianguo Liu & Gretchen C. Daily & Paul R. Ehrlich & Gary W. Luck, 2003. "Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity," Nature, Nature, vol. 421(6922), pages 530-533, January.
    2. Abid Hussain & Golam Rasul & Bidhubhusan Mahapatra & Sabarnee Tuladhar, 2016. "Household food security in the face of climate change in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 8(5), pages 921-937, October.
    3. Habibullah Rajpar & Anlu Zhang & Amar Razzaq & Khalid Mehmood & Maula Bux Pirzado & Weiyan Hu, 2019. "Agricultural Land Abandonment and Farmers’ Perceptions of Land Use Change in the Indus Plains of Pakistan: A Case Study of Sindh Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-19, August.
    4. Muhammad Majeed & Aqil Tariq & Muhammad Mushahid Anwar & Arshad Mahmood Khan & Fahim Arshad & Faisal Mumtaz & Muhammad Farhan & Lili Zhang & Aroosa Zafar & Marjan Aziz & Sanaullah Abbasi & Ghani Rahma, 2021. "Monitoring of Land Use–Land Cover Change and Potential Causal Factors of Climate Change in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan, through GIS and Multi-Temporal Satellite Data," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Juan Antonio Duro & Jordi Teixidó-Figueras & Emilio Padilla, 2017. "The Causal Factors of International Inequality in $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 Emissions Per Capita: A Regression-Based Inequality Decomposition Analysis," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 67(4), pages 683-700, August.
    2. Vincent Sennes & Jacques Breillat & Francis Ribeyre & Sandrine Gombert, 2009. "Local policies for reducing the ecological impact of households: the case study of a suburban area in France," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 11(5), pages 1031-1049, October.
    3. Xue, Jin, 2014. "Is eco-village/urban village the future of a degrowth society? An urban planner's perspective," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 130-138.
    4. Wang, Chengchao & Yang, Yusheng & Zhang, Yaoqi, 2012. "Rural household livelihood change, fuelwood substitution, and hilly ecosystem restoration: Evidence from China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2475-2482.
    5. Goulden, Murray & Ryley, Tim & Dingwall, Robert, 2014. "Beyond ‘predict and provide’: UK transport, the growth paradigm and climate change," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 139-147.
    6. Leiwen Jiang & Karen Hardee, 2011. "How do Recent Population Trends Matter to Climate Change?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 30(2), pages 287-312, April.
    7. Achmad T. Nugraha & Gunawan Prayitno & Faizah A. Azizi & Nindya Sari & Izatul Ihsansi Hidayana & Aidha Auliah & Enock Siankwilimba, 2023. "Structural Equation Model (SEM) of Social Capital with Landowner Intention," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, April.
    8. Sajjad Hussain & Muhammad Mubeen & Wajid Nasim & Shah Fahad & Musaddiq Ali & Muhammad Azhar Ehsan & Ali Raza, 2023. "Investigation of Irrigation Water Requirement and Evapotranspiration for Water Resource Management in Southern Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, January.
    9. Catherine Potvin & Petra Tschakert & Frédéric Lebel & Kate Kirby & Hector Barrios & Judith Bocariza & Jaime Caisamo & Leonel Caisamo & Charianito Cansari & Juan Casamá & Maribel Casamá & Laura Chamorr, 2007. "A participatory approach to the establishment of a baseline scenario for a reforestation Clean Development Mechanism project," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 12(8), pages 1341-1362, October.
    10. Tariq Ahmad & Ghulam-Muhammad Shah & Farid Ahmad & Uma Partap & Sajjad Ahmad, 2017. "Impact of Apiculture on the Household Income of Rural Poor in Mountains of Chitral District in Pakistan," Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS), , vol. 6(3), pages 518-531, July.
    11. Overman, Henry G. & Puga, Diego & Turner, Matthew A., 2008. "Decomposing the growth in residential land in the United States," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 487-497, September.
    12. Niggemann, Marc & Jetzkowitz, Jens & Brunzel, Stefan & Wichmann, Matthias C. & Bialozyt, Ronald, 2009. "Distribution patterns of plants explained by human movement behaviour," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(9), pages 1339-1346.
    13. Squalli, Jay, 2010. "An empirical assessment of U.S. state-level immigration and environmental emissions," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 1170-1175, March.
    14. Manoranjan Ghosh & Somnath Ghosal, 2021. "Climate change vulnerability of rural households in flood-prone areas of Himalayan foothills, West Bengal, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 2570-2595, February.
    15. David N. Koons & Randall Holmes & James B. Grand, 2006. "Population inertia and its sensitivity to changes in vital rates or initial conditions," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2006-040, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    16. Lipy Adhikari & Abid Hussain & Golam Rasul, 2017. "Tapping the Potential of Neglected and Underutilized Food Crops for Sustainable Nutrition Security in the Mountains of Pakistan and Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-18, February.
    17. Melissa R. McHale & Steward T.A. Pickett & Olga Barbosa & David N. Bunn & Mary L. Cadenasso & Daniel L. Childers & Meredith Gartin & George R. Hess & David M. Iwaniec & Timon McPhearson & M. Nils Pete, 2015. "The New Global Urban Realm: Complex, Connected, Diffuse, and Diverse Social-Ecological Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-30, April.
    18. Hasan, Faizan ul & Fatima, Bareerah & Heaney-Mustafa, Sandra, 2021. "A critique of successful elements of existing on-farm irrigation water management initiatives in Pakistan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    19. Jessica Pearlman & Lisa D. Pearce & Dirgha J. Ghimire & Prem Bhandari & Taylor Hargrove, 2017. "Postmarital Living Arrangements in Historically Patrilocal Settings: Integrating Household Fission and Migration Perspectives," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(4), pages 1425-1449, August.
    20. Seema Mehra Parihar & Vijendra Kumar Pandey & Anshu & Karuna Shree & Khusro Moin & Mohammed Baber Ali & Kanchana Narasimhan & Jeetesh Rai & Azka Kamil, 2022. "Land Use Dynamics and Impact on Regional Climate Post-Tehri Dam in the Bhilangana Basin, Garhwal Himalaya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:13:y:2024:i:2:p:30-:d:1338451. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.