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A Detailed Ecological Exploration of the Distribution Patterns of Wild Poaceae from the Jhelum District (Punjab), Pakistan

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Listed:
  • Muhammad Majeed

    (Department of Botany, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Punjab, Pakistan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Aqil Tariq

    (State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Sheikh Marifatul Haq

    (Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India)

  • Muhammad Waheed

    (Department of Botany, University of Okara, Renala Khurd 56130, Punjab, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Mushahid Anwar

    (Department of Geography, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Punjab, Pakistan)

  • Qingting Li

    (Airborne Remote Sensing Center, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China)

  • Muhammad Aslam

    (School of Computing Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Paisley G72 0LH, UK)

  • Sanaullah Abbasi

    (Department of Biochemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur 66020, Sindh, Pakistan)

  • B. G. Mousa

    (Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt)

  • Ahsan Jamil

    (Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 3170S Espina Str., Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the taxonomic diversity, richness, and distribution patterns of Poaceae in relation to abiotic factors in the Jhelum district of the Pakistan Himalayas. We used a random sampling technique from 80 grids within 240 sites with a rich diversity of wild grasses and 720 quadrates in triplets from each site across the Jhelum district between 2019 and 2021 to collect data on grass species and the associated environmental factors and conditions. After evaluating the important value index for each plant taxa and for the environmental data, we analyzed the data using ordination and cluster analysis techniques. Fifty-two Poaceae taxa from twenty-nine genera were recorded within the study area. From a total of 52 recorded Poaceae species, 45 were native and 7 were invasive species. The life form (biological) showed the dominancy of 27 therophyte species, followed by 24 hemicryptophyte species, and 1 geophyte species. Microphyll had the leading leaf size spectra (27 species), followed by nanophyll (12 species), macrophyll (10 species), and leptophyll (3 species). The trend of the life cycle was the maximum (27 spp.) during the monsoon season, followed by spring (11 spp.), winter (8 spp.), and summer (6 spp.). The leading genera were Setaria with 9.61% of the species, followed by Panicum , Cenchrus , and Brachiaria with 7.69% of the species. Aristida and Echinochloa made up 5.76% of the species while Chrysopogon , Digitaria , Eragrostis , Pennisetum , and Poa made up 3.84% of the species. Other genera recorded single species. The leaf size spectra of grasses were dominated by microphylls (50%) followed by nanophylls (23.07%), macrophylls (19.23%), and leptophylls (7.69%). On the basis of the importance value index, the most dominant species was Cynodon dactylon (68), followed by Dichanthium annulatum (58), Brachiaria ramose (38), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (37), Eleusine indica (35), Saccharum bengalense (33), and Cenchrus biflorus (28). Two-way cluster analyses classified the grasses into three plant community associations based on the indicator plant species. Soil parameters as subsamples were tested for moisture, pH, EC, OM, macronutrients (CaCO 3 , N, P, and K), and saturation while the ordination analysis revealed that they had a significant ( p ≤ 0.002) effect on vegetation associations. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the influence of environmental factors on the composition and associations of grass species and the development of scientifically informed management solutions for the ecological restoration of degraded habitats in this Himalayan region.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Majeed & Aqil Tariq & Sheikh Marifatul Haq & Muhammad Waheed & Muhammad Mushahid Anwar & Qingting Li & Muhammad Aslam & Sanaullah Abbasi & B. G. Mousa & Ahsan Jamil, 2022. "A Detailed Ecological Exploration of the Distribution Patterns of Wild Poaceae from the Jhelum District (Punjab), Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:3786-:d:777789
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zakharova, L. & Meyer, K.M. & Seifan, M., 2019. "Trait-based modelling in ecology: A review of two decades of research," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 407(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Muhammad Majeed & Aqil Tariq & Muhammad Mushahid Anwar & Arshad Mahmood Khan & Fahim Arshad & Faisal Mumtaz & Muhammad Farhan & Lili Zhang & Aroosa Zafar & Marjan Aziz & Sanaullah Abbasi & Ghani Rahma, 2021. "Monitoring of Land Use–Land Cover Change and Potential Causal Factors of Climate Change in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan, through GIS and Multi-Temporal Satellite Data," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Waheed & Shiekh Marifatul Haq & Fahim Arshad & Rainer W. Bussmann & Muhammad Iqbal & Najat A. Bukhari & Ashraf Atef Hatamleh, 2022. "Grasses in Semi-Arid Lowlands—Community Composition and Spatial Dynamics with Special Regard to the Influence of Edaphic Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Muhammad Waheed & Fahim Arshad & Muhammad Majeed & Sammer Fatima & Naila Mukhtar & Robina Aziz & Wali Muhammad Mangrio & Hussein Almohamad & Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi & Motrih Al-Mutiry & Hazem Ghass, 2022. "Community Structure and Distribution Pattern of Woody Vegetation in Response to Soil properties in Semi-Arid Lowland District Kasur Punjab, Pakistan," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Syeda Saba Tassadduq & Shamim Akhtar & Muhammad Waheed & Nazneen Bangash & Durr-e- Nayab & Muhammad Majeed & Sanaullah Abbasi & Murad Muhammad & Abed Alataway & Ahmed Z. Dewidar & Hosam O. Elansary & , 2022. "Ecological Distribution Patterns of Wild Grasses and Abiotic Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Muhammad Danish Jamil & Muhammad Waheed & Shamim Akhtar & Nazneen Bangash & Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari & Muhammad Majeed & Mumtaz Hussain & Kishwar Ali & David Aaron Jones, 2022. "Invasive Plants Diversity, Ecological Status, and Distribution Pattern in Relation to Edaphic Factors in Different Habitat Types of District Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Asad Aziz & Muhammad Mushahid Anwar & Muhammad Majeed & Sammer Fatima & Syed Shajee Mehdi & Wali Muhammad Mangrio & Amine Elbouzidi & Muhammad Abdullah & Shadab Shaukat & Nafeesa Zahid & Eman A. Mahmo, 2023. "Quantifying Landscape and Social Amenities as Ecosystem Services in Rapidly Changing Peri-Urban Landscape," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-12, February.

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