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Dual Effects of N-Butanol and Magnetite Nanoparticle to Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blends as Additives on Emission Pattern and Performance of a Diesel Engine with ANN Validation

Author

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  • Ahmed Sule

    (Automotive Development Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
    Automotive and Mechanical Technology Education Section, Technical Education Department, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa 1033, Nigeria)

  • Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff

    (Automotive Development Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Azman Abas

    (Automotive Development Centre, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia)

  • Ibham Veza

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak 32610, Malaysia)

  • Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 40413, India
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri Marg, Mirzapur Pole 247121, India)

  • Irianto Harny

    (Department General Education, Faculty of Resilence, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 114646, United Arab Emirates)

  • Vorathin Epin

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak 32610, Malaysia)

Abstract

This paper investigates impact of magnetite dispersed in butanol and added to two varied blends of palm biodiesel and diesel (B20 and B30). The developed fuel samples were characterized and tested on single cylinder diesel Yanmar engine (L70N) to observe engine behavior for emissions and performance. Results are compared with two reference fuels: YF50 fuel contains 50 ppm magnetite in B20 and B n 10Y90 contains 10% butanol with 90% B20. Addition of magnetite and butanol depletes emissions levels and improve performance compared to ordinary B20 and B30 however; samples with higher dosage of magnetite (150 ppm) yielded better results in performance and emission compared with lower dosage (75 ppm). The best sample was C10Z90 which entails 150 ppm magnetite in butanol added at 10% to B30. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at highest brake power (BP) point for C10Z90 was 37.28% compared to others (32.88%, 35.22% and 35.96%). Additionally, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of C10Z90 was at least 8.29 g/Kw.hr and at most 84.52 g/Kw.hr less than other samples at highest BP point. Results indicated C10Z90 was lower in carbon-monoxide, hydrocarbon and smoke except for oxides of nitrogen. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model successfully predicted BTE, BSFC and emissions of the dual fuel application.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Sule & Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff & Mohd Azman Abas & Ibham Veza & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Irianto Harny & Vorathin Epin, 2023. "Dual Effects of N-Butanol and Magnetite Nanoparticle to Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blends as Additives on Emission Pattern and Performance of a Diesel Engine with ANN Validation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1404-:d:1032583
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    Cited by:

    1. Cristian Sandu & Constantin Pana & Niculae Negurescu & Gheorghe Lazaroiu & Alexandru Cernat & Rares Georgescu & Cristian Nutu, 2023. "The Influence of N-Butanol Addition in Gasoline on the Combustion in the Spark Ignition Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-20, September.

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