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Powering the Future: Progress and Hurdles in Developing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Components to Achieve Department of Energy Goals—A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Dinesh Kumar Madheswaran

    (Green Vehicle Technology Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chengalpattu 603203, TN, India)

  • Mohanraj Thangamuthu

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India)

  • Sakthivel Gnanasekaran

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT Chennai, Chennai 600127, TN, India)

  • Suresh Gopi

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai 600124, TN, India)

  • Tamilvanan Ayyasamy

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode 638060, TN, India)

  • Sujit S. Pardeshi

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, COEP Technological University, Pune 411005, MH, India)

Abstract

This comprehensive review explores recent developments in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and evaluates their alignment with the ambitious targets established by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Notable advancements have been made in developing catalysts, membrane technology advancements, gas diffusion layers (GDLs), and enhancements in bipolar plates. Notable findings include using carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide in membranes, leading to substantial performance enhancements. Innovative coatings and materials for bipolar plates have demonstrated improved corrosion resistance and reduced interfacial contact resistance, approaching DOE targets. Nevertheless, the persistent trade-off between durability and cost remains a formidable challenge. Extending fuel cell lifetimes to DOE standards often necessitates higher catalyst loadings, conflicting with cost reduction objectives. Despite substantial advancements, the ultimate DOE goals of USD 30/kW for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and USD 600,000 for fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) remain elusive. This review underscores the necessity for continuous research and innovation, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts among academia, industry, and government agencies to overcome the remaining technical barriers.

Suggested Citation

  • Dinesh Kumar Madheswaran & Mohanraj Thangamuthu & Sakthivel Gnanasekaran & Suresh Gopi & Tamilvanan Ayyasamy & Sujit S. Pardeshi, 2023. "Powering the Future: Progress and Hurdles in Developing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Components to Achieve Department of Energy Goals—A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-24, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:22:p:15923-:d:1279805
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